Overview of the Pickle Industry in India

Overview of the Pickle Industry in India Pickles chutney is the traditional specialties product of India and has gained an important position in the Indian cuisine. They are eaten along with main course and provide tempting tastes. Pickles are prepared from Fruits and Vegetables and they supplement the food with vitamins and minerals. There are many types of pickles available in India like Chilly Pickles, Green Pickles, Lemon Chutney, Mango chutney, Gherkins, Mango Pickles, Onion Prpd/Prsvd and Tomato chutney etc. Indias Export of Pickles chutney was Rs. 250.62 Crores in 2007-08. The major market for Indian Pickles chutney are Russia, U.S.A, Belgium, Netherlands and France. Introduction, history overview of the companyJashn pickles was earlier known as boom pickles. Boom pickles was incorporated on may 15th 1989 in recent years had achieved tremendous success in india. But due to immense competition the company was not able to take quick decisions did not change its strategies in the competitive amrket. Eventually the goodwill of the company diminished the board of directors resigned. A new board consisting of 4 board members from the same industry were appointed. The new board suggested a change in name which was eventually agreed by the shareholders the company law approved of it. The determination hard work put in by the employees of the company paid off jashn pickles now have manufacturing units in all the zones viz north, east, west, south. The company retained its base in mumbai. Strategies adopted in indiaThe print media the idiot box helped us in achieving the required attention like the news of our comeback in the newspaper television channels. The billboards on the best buses in mubai, posters in the local trains on the ooh media service in railways helped us set our image in the minds of the people. A new strategy which is called the pique technique where you keep on repeating the name in full speed. This irritates a normal human being but at the end of the day the name registers in his mind. Need to go globalGlobalization is necessary for the following reasons: 1: profit maximization: the main moto of a business is to achieve profits. If we enter into a wider market the chances of profit increases what great opportunity to enter the foreign market after the success of your product in india. 2: stagnant or shrinking domestic markets: the pickle industry in india has grown very rapidly in recent times. A lot of manufacturers have come into existence which has shrinked the market for pickles in india. Although covering entire india is not possible as the scope is huge we have opted to go global. 3: foreign revenue: globalization is necessary to earn foreign exchange currency for the country as it is our duty to earn for our country. This will help us to achieve economies of scale. 4: reduce dependency on single market : as mentioned above, the competitors are increasing day by day in india. So to reduce the dependency on a single market we plan to go global in search of a much bigger market less competition. WHICH COUNTRY? It is the first time for jashn pickles to go overseas. After market research in many different countries we zeroed in on the united arab emirates (uae). The united arab emirates (uae) is a situated in the southeast of the arabian peninsula in southwest asia on the persian gulf, bordering oman and saudi arabia. The seven states, termed emirates, are abu dhabi, ajman, dubai, fujairah, ras al-khaimah, sharjah and umm al-quwain. The uae, rich in oil and natural gas, has become highly prosperous after gaining foreign direct investment funding in the 1970s. The country has a relatively high human development index for the asian continent, ranking 31st globally, and had a gdp purchasing power parity of $200.5 billion in 2009 according to the imf. The population of the country is 4,621,399. The currency in uae is dirhams (1 dirham = 13 inr). We will be targeting 3 of the 7 emirates I.E. Abu dhabi,dubai sharjah as our first target audience is indians these three emirates constitute a higher percentage of indians. WHY UAE? Indians in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) constitute a large part of population of the country. Over a million Indian migrants are estimated to be living in the UAE (2000), who form over 40% of the total population of the UAE. A majority of Indians live in the three largest cities of the UAE Dubai, Abu Dhabi and Sharjah. Indian contact with the emirates that now constitute the UAE dates back several centuries, as a result of trade and commerce between the emirates and India. More recently, the UAE has experienced a tremendous increase in the population of Indians who, having migrated to the country as a result of opportunities in petroleum, construction and other industries, far outnumber the population of local Emiratis. While most Indian migrants support the manufacturing and transport industries, a sizable minority of migrants are involved in professional services and entrepreneurship. Relations between India and the UAE have traditionally been friendly, though recent incidents relating to the treatment of the Indian migrant labor force by companies in the UAE have been the source of friction between the two nations. Also UAE is the hub for exports in the gulf so it will be easier for us in the future to export in gulf countries. PRODUCTS IN UAE TRADITIONAL EXOTIC RECIPIES JASHN SPECIALITIES DIET PICKLES NON-VEG PICKLES Mango Pickled potatoes Cheese dips garnished with zatar Soya pickles Chicken pickles Lemon Pickled mushrooms Lemon marmalade Bitter guard pickles Prawn pickles Mix vegetable Pickled okra Strawberry Pickles Amla pickles Fish pickles Green chili Pickled chickpeas Lamb pickles Red chili Pickled lentils Eggplant Carrot Onions Garlic pickles AN ARTICLE ON PICKLES A report by Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) stated that during the year 2000-01, total production of pickles was 13645.16 metric tones and in 2002-03 the country earned Rs 154.16 lakh through exports. The exports could be doubled if provided efforts were made to organize the pickle industry. However, by using little care and simple technology, pickles can be prepared and preserved for a long period, the report suggested. The finer aspects of pickle making can boosting export of this delicacy from India. In order to overcome bitter taste of pickles the report pointed out that spices should not be cooked for a long time and a low concentration of vinegar should be used. Strict hygienic practice and iron utensils be never used. The scum formation in pickles occurs when mild yeast gains entry into the pickles. The problem can be overcome by adding acetic acid. Regarding cloudiness in pickles, the report said this can be seen in onion pickles or where whole fruits or vegetables are the material for pickle making. It can be checked by using small and thin textured material for pickle making especially onions. Blemishes in pickles can be seen in case of onion pickles and is due to some kind of fermentation. Such defect can be prevented by using fresh vinegar at the time of curing. Good quality oil and spices should be used for getting best flavor in pickles. LEVELS OF A PRODUCT The CORE product is NOT the tangible, physical product. Thats because the core product is the BENEFIT of the product that makes it valuable to you. So with the car example, the benefit is convenience i.e. the ease at which you can go where you like, when you want to. Another core benefit is speed since you can travel around relatively quickly. The ACTUAL product is the tangible, physical product. You can get some use out of it. Again with the car example, it is the vehicle that you test drive, buy and then collect. The AUGMENTED product is the non-physical part of the product. It usually consists of lots of added value, for which you may or may not pay a premium. So when you buy a car, part of the augmented product would be the warranty, the customer service support offered by the cars manufacture, and any after-sales service. TRANSPORTATION IT IS SAID THAT ONE OF THE MAJOR LOGISTICAL BLABBER IS THE TRANSPORTATION. IN THE CASE OF JASHN PICKLES EXPORTING TO UAE IT IS NOT THAT DIFFICULT AS THE SEA TRANSPORT IS MUCH CHEAPER QUICK. OUR CONSIGNMENT WILL LEAVE FROM THE JNPT (JAWAHARLAL NEHRU PORT TRUST) IN NAVI MUMBAI TO JABEL ALI PRT IN DUBAI WHICH IS A FREE TRADE AREA. FROM THE JABEL ALI PORT OUR CONSIGNMENT WILL GO TO THE DEALERS IN DUBAI THEN TO THE WHOLESALERS THEN TO THE RETAILERS SUPERMARKETS OR RESTAURANTS FROM THERE FINALLY TO THE CUSTOMER. THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION WILL NOT BE HUGE AS THE IMPORT DUTY IN UAE IS JUST 5% THE UAE GOVERNMENT HAVE GIVEN US CERTAIN BENEFITS AS THE TRADE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE TWO COUNTRIES IS VERY GOOD. MARKETING MIX FOR A COMPANY TO SUCCEED IN A GLOBAL MARKET THE 4 PS OF MARKETING SHOULD BE VERY CLEAR. PRODUCT PLACE PRICE PROMOTION PACKAGING A good package for pickles should have the following attributes: Aroma retention Excellent protection against light, moisture and oxygen Excellent seal integrity for containment Grease and oil resistance Acid resistance Good aesthetics and appearance Types of Packaging for Pickles Traditionally, the practice was to prepare pickles at home and store in ceramic or earthenware jars. Gradually over the years, pickles are manufactured and commercially marketed in the country, as branded products. In our country, still large quantity of pickle is sold loose. The shopkeeper displays various types of pickles in large glass jars, and weighs out desired quantity of pickle to his customers. The customer trusts the shopkeeper for the quality and not the brand name. However, gradually pickle packed in glass bottles under different brand names, appeared in the market and became popular. The trend started in Maharashtra and Gujarat. Glass bottled pickles are almost double in cost because of heavy packing and transportation costs. They looked hygienic and appealed to the brand conscious upper class. With the advent of plastics, pickles packed in HDPE (high density polyethylene) and later PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) jars were introduced. HDPE jars are usually used for packing 1Kilogram and more. They are opaque so do not provide visibility of the pickle, but are convenient, as they do not break in transit. The PET jars are transparent, with good eye appeal and safe for pickle. PC (polycarbonate) bottles are best for pickles but they are still very costly. Over the last few years, cost effective flexible pouches of co-extruded and laminated structures have replaced glass jars. The pouches could be flat pillow pouches or stand-up pouches, which have a good display value. They are light in weight and hygienic. However, in flexible pouches, the sealant layer selection is very critical, as the contact layer needs to be acid and oil resistant. Failure of seals or surface stickiness can render the pack ineffective and un-saleable. Initially, the flexible packaging of pickles commenced as a simple LDPE (low density polyethylene) pouch, which neither provided protection from oxygen nor did it give an effective heat seal, as LDPE is not compatible with oil, causing failure of pouches. Gradually multi-layered coextruded pouches and laminated pouches were introduced. The capacity of the pouches range from 200 grams to 1 kilogram. The pouches could be flat pillow type or stand-up pouches for shelf display. To sum up: For catering / institutional packs 5 or 6 kilograms HDPE or PET jars. 20 kg HDPE jarsare also available and used for the purpose For consumers 400/500 grams glass jars or PET jars For cost conscious housewives printed pillow or stand-up pouches For portion packs polystyrene or polypropylene injection moulded containers with flexible heat-sealable, peel able lids. PRICING THE PRICING OF A PRODUCT CAN BE BIFURCATED AS THE COST OF THE PRODUCT + THE DUTY + PROFIT MARGIN. KEEPING THIS INTO CONSIDERATION THE PRICE OF JASHN PICKLES ARE 500 Gms 8 dirham 250 Gms 4.25 dirham 1kg (catering pack) 15 dirham Traveler pack 50 phills Har din ek Jashn pack 11 dirham PROMOTION For people to know that your product exists in the market you have to show them that your producr exists. Ways of promoting a product is very common but a successful marketer is the one who does common things in an uncommon way. This was the thought behind our promotional strategies. Our promotional strategies include the basic promotional ways like print media, television ads in uae (channel 33) which is very famous in uae. Tie ups with knowledge city in dubai which is an education hub to make indians there feel at home by providing them pickles with their meals. The special variety in uae is zatar which is very famous in all the 7 emirates especially in abu dhabi, dubai, sharjah. We would be setting up tasting zones in hypermarkets where the customers can taste our product give them their feedbacks. During the dubai shopping festival we would be putting up a stall to encourage more customers to buy our product. We will be having the pickle pot fiesta which is an 8 hour live music funfare. Most people will think it is not feasible how will we get funds? We have an answer to that alsoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. We will be inviting all the companies to buy a stall in our pot fiesta srk who is the bramd ambassador of jashn pickles performing at the show the money generated will go in the breast cancer relief fund. Thus our pickle will be advertised social responsibility to an extent might also be fulfilled. We have also tied up with a microsite called language of flavors which will be putting up billboards which will have different ways of spelling jashn pickles. This will be a huge hit as it is something which no one has evedr done before. Future plansWe are planning to set up manufacturing unit in jabel ali as its a free trade area. We will also be concentrating on the remaining 4 emirates from there on to the other gulf countries. As per the competition, we have major competition with eicher ltd, pravin bedekar. Our next pitstop after gulf countries will be japan italy as the pickle industry there is not competitive the market is huge. Our aim of this discussion or argument is not victory over other competitors but it is just progress. Jashn pickles Global marketing strategy Name : hasan al mutawa Id : 200810728

Cross-cultural interaction Essay

Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The peripatetic traveler is the quintessential image of a globalised man. Today’s traveler is driven by the commercial forces of globalization and improved communications in the World which has seen travel and tourism grow as an industry. In the ancient and medieval ages however, when traveling was not that simple and safe, a few adventurists quite literally walked across the globe or what ever was known of it then. These were men as Benjamin of Tudela, Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta, who covered vast spaces compared to capacity of transportation in the era in which they lived and have left rich sources of history documented in their travels. There is much debate over the relevance of the jottings made by these travelers to modern day history. Sceptics tend to question the authenticity and objectiveness as well as ability to portray a correct picture of a cross cultural interaction which these travelers tend to pursue from their own perspective. Travel literature has substantial relevance in providing authentic information of cross cultural interaction, the cross cultural trends, a perception of cross cultural association between people and is proving to be a good source of authentic and endearing history today as it provides a perspective in today’s world through an understanding of medieval religion and cultures. Information of cross-cultural interaction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The ancient and medieval times were denoted by lack of developed communications and modes of interaction for travel. There were also very limited historical recordings and what ever existed was at the behest of the ruling cliques, thereby making it biased. The historian today is left with primary records which are substantiated by such travelogues for a dispassionate view of cross cultural interaction. Thus travelogues do serve as important benchmark documents for historical purpose. This would be evident from recounting of travels through the Middle East during the medieval period in the writings of Benjamin of Tuleda, which tends to support the various historical happenings during the period by sources from both sides of the Islam and Christian divide.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Travelers as Benjamin who was a Jew could also benefit from interaction with those of his community who were spread across the region. Since the Jews were relatively unbiased during the period of the Crusades, their observations supplanted the travelers own perception providing further substance to the history of the region. While some may consider it as not the purest form of notation, in denoting cross cultural trends it could be considered more than appropriate and accurate. The excessive focus on the state of the Jews in Benjamin’s writing however to some extent indicates that the view of culture is primarily from an overly Semitic perspective of a Rabbi and authenticity is probably sacrificed but then a deeper reading would overcome this perception. Battuta’s writings span a much large cross cultural area extending from Jerusalem, Damascus, Syria, and East Africa while Marco Polo’s travelogues are also very genuine impressions of cross cultural trends. Each of the chapters he writes covers the various aspects of a particularly community that he has observed be it the cropping pattern, food habits and the monarchical way of governance. Marco very assiduously provides an overview of each facet in great detail. Perceptive Observers Providing Authenticity   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The intention of the travelers in their journey was multi focal. Thus some such as Benjamin did it for the purpose of seeking opportunities of trade or to find out about the state of personnel of his own community residing in various parts of the Middle East after being persecuted in their native lands. The meticulous recording of ethnographic details in his writing provides very insightful observations on cross cultural trends which highlights the capacity of its originator. Thus we find in Benjamin’s writings the details of how and when the Egyptian monarch travels, what are the proclivities of the people during various periods and the rivalries that existed even in those time between Cairo and Baghdad. It is also relevant to see that a person traveling beyond his immediate geographical and cultural setting would also be keen to obtain fresh insights into the lives of other communities. Thus observations of Marco Polo need to be taken note off with greater acceptance of the fidelity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The meticulous logging of the timings in terms of a virtual daily log provides an excellent record of the period, the state of development, the manner in which communities lived and the state of their culture in vivid details. Ibn Battuta who was overwhelmed by the need to travel and thus sets out from his native place at the tender age of 22 years, is also a very keen observer and thus his recordings attain a high quality of relevance particularly in the cross cultural context. His descriptive writings on Cairo or Alexandria are very perceptive providing an innate understanding of the era. The description of events, the handling of camels, the holding of ceremonies all are very effectively portrayed by the traveler, giving a good understanding of the period. The meticulous recording of customs such as movement of women naked in some societies as in Mali and cannibalism are stark etchings on the history of a cross cultural trend.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marco Polo again has provided   a wealth of material on cross cultural trends which denotes an excellent eye for detail and power of observation across a large expanse of area from Europe to China, Tibet to India and other areas. The burning of, â€Å"black stones†, is perhaps a recorded intervention by Marco, which indicates the level and depth of his observations. Marco’s observation are supplemented by a comparison between various cultures be it Chinese, Middle Eastern or Central Asian traditions of Bokhara. This provides a deep insight into cultural happenings of the era. Perspective of Modern Day Understanding   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Today Islam and the West appear to be undergoing a serious crisis, some view it as a clash of civilization matching. There is very limited understanding of each others religions, traditions, culture and ideological basis. This is truly surprising given the proliferation of modern knowledge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is the writings of travelers as Benjamin of Tudela who traversed the Middle East in the 12th Century which provides us a deeper understanding of the roots of this civilizational divide thereby enhancing our understanding of happenings in today’s World. Being a Rabbi from Spain, Benjamin was relatively detached to enable a more objective assessment of the conflict which was occurring between Islam and Christianity in the medieval ages. His tour of the principal areas of the Middle East as well as Europe and Asia provided a fresh insight not just into the period but also the cross cultural linkages between these areas over the ages. The peace and prosperity in Egypt described so authentically by Benjamin provide an excellent insight in the functioning of well governed medieval states. The clash between Saladin and the Christians and the moves and counter moves of the period have been very vividly portrayed by Benjamin denoting how Islam was revived between the period of the Second and the Third Crusades.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Today when we see a similar up rise in Islam which is spearheaded not by the likes of Saladin, but terrorist leaders as Osama Bin Laden, Benjamin’s travels can provide a better counter cultural perspective. A similar understanding of the culture of the Middle East is provided in the writings of Ibn Battuta which can provide us a perspective from an Islamic traveler’s point of view in a different age over three centuries apart and covering some of the same areas. In each of the places that he visits Battuta makes mention of specifics which indicate a keen eye for detail. It is natural that a person with a good view of the details will remain also particular of the accuracy of his writings. Thus enhancing their historical value. The writings provide a cross cultural dimension of the transformation that has take place in these areas over these years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marco’s writings on Tibet are another issue which enables us to correlate between the state and relations of Tibet between the modern and the medieval periods. The fascination which the Chinese felt for Tibet even then is evident as Marco observes their repeated forays to gain hold of territory which they see as a great expanse with its many provinces, the customs of the people, their mastiffs and bamboo cropping are thus set to be matching. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus it would be seen that the travelogues of Marco Polo, Ibn Batttuta and Benjamin of Tudela are important documents as they provide authentic information of cross cultural interaction, denote cross cultural trends, enhance the perception of cross cultural association between people and prove good sources of authentic and endearing history, thereby providing better modern day understanding and background of medieval religion and cultures as in the Middle East.       References Marco Polo and Rustichello of Pisa. 2004. The Travels of Marco Polo, Volume 1 and 2. E-text prepared by Charles Franks, Robert Connal, John Williams, and Project Gutenberg Distributed Proofreaders. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/10636/10636-8.txt (VOLUME I). http://www.gutenberg.org/files/12410/12410-8.txt (VOLUME II). (20 November 2006) Ibn Battuta: Travels in Asia and Africa 1325-1354. Nd. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1354-ibnbattuta.html (20 November 2006) The itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela. 1907. Philipp Feldheim, inc The house of the Jewish book. New York. gutenberg.org/files/14981/14981-h/14981-h.htm. (20 November 2006).

The handmaid’s tale: chapter 2 commentary

This passage from `The Handmaid's Tale' by Margaret Attwood uses stream of consciousness as a narrative technique to portray the thoughts of the main character, Offred, is going through. Attwood does this very realistically; in the sense that she writes in the way a human mind works, by describing the setting of the room. Thus the setting of the room is vital as it is through the setting that the themes are explored. The main theme of freedom in the passage is shown through the objects described in her room. The style of writing is structured in a way which reflects the minor details of the human mind ith the lack of movement in passage to put emphasize on how Offred refuse to let her mine wonder from the things that are around her, in her room. The tone of the passage changes, first it is more uncertain and unsure but later changes to a more certain tone, this shown through the diction used. Attwood structures her narrative technique in such a way that it creates a uniform setting and creates a sense of everything being controlled or repressed. The sense of freedom that Atwood restricts from Offred in the passage is shown through the description of the room. The narrator focuses on hat she `can' do rather then what she can not do. â€Å"I can sit in the chair† This is ironic because although she is focusing on what she is able to do, yet she is reinforcing how limited the things she can do are. â€Å"Air can come in and make the curtains move† The sense of freedom is shown through the movement of the curtains and the flow of the air; these objects have a sense of movement whereas her thoughts don't because she can not escape through the â€Å"partly open window†. Attwood uses the repetition of window to emphasize how Offred can see beyond the window but can not do anything about it. This depicts the vindication shown in the passage as the slightly open window can be seen as Serena joy taking pleasure in watching the handmaid's suffer, as they are not able to attain freedom but just have the slightest taste of it. Offred can not escape but she can feel the wind slightly touching her. Attwood portrays Offred's thoughts in contrast next to each other to reinforce the lack of freedom. â€Å"Where I am is not a prison but a privilege, as Aunt Lydia said†¦ † This depicts that she feels she is in a prison because of her lack of freedom but then Attwood abruptly nds saying that Aunt Lydia says this, and doesn't allow Offred to think about it much further. Offred is presenting her room to sound like a prison but then quickly says that Aunt Lydia told her to see it as a privilege. This shows how Aunt Lydia feels this not her, because of the authorization given to Aunt Lydia. This use of juxtaposition reemphasizes how her room is actually more a prison then a privilege. Offred is portrayed as only a spectator who can see through the window; this also shows her position in the society of Gilead as she is limited to what she is aware of and she can only reconstruct what he knows. The lack of freedom is hinted throughout the passage â€Å"I know why there is no glass†¦. Why the window opens only partly and why the glass is shatterproof† This implies she is aware of why her freedom is being restricted and reinforces that everything in her room is controlled and unified. The role of the main character, as a handmaid and women and how they can't have there own thoughts are also depicted through the passage. One of the main elements, the floor is being described as â€Å"highly polished† The wood is something that is natural in the room, but it has too been polished. This indicates that everything that is natural is changed in the society she lives in, emphasizing how women are also changed and treated like objects. This is reinforced in † waste not want not† this has certain subdued hint of cynicism in it, as it should be used to describe an object but it reflects who she is and how she is detached as she is treated like an object or a property of someone. â€Å"Why do I want† Implying that she doesn't want to be treated like the `polished' object she is being treated as. â€Å"Sunlight comes through the window too, and falls on the floor† This is the whole oncept of something welcoming entering through the window, yet it doesn't fall on her but on the floor. Attwood is trying to portray how everything just bypasses Offred and ignores her, which symbolizes how everyone ignores or bypasses Offred. The role of Offred is also hinted throughout the passage. Attwood uses the repetition of â€Å"white† to do this. White symbolizes something which is pure, which can also mean being virgin, which shows how the women role in the book has a sexual aspect to it. This is further revealed when the `bed' is described as a place where â€Å"nothing takes lace in the bed but sleep; or no sleep† This seems like pun; with a play on word bring in a hint of sarcasm highlighting the change of tone in the passage. This then highlights the theme of the lack of freedom within the society and emphasizes her role is related to sexual activity. The idea of â€Å"think of it as being in army† again puts emphasizes on her role, of doing something as a service and being forced in to doing it. Attwood perceives the role as something that has been â€Å"in reduced circumstances†, implying that there was something before this time and it was better. Attwood deals with the concept of â€Å"thoughts being rationed† and the desperation of the main character not to think throughout the passage. The narrative technique of juxtaposition is used in a sense, as Attwood allows her to think so much and then restricts her from going beyond the setting of the room. This desperation of not wanting to think is shown through the use of short sentences, which helps not getting involved and stops the thinking process. The language used is very powerful but precise making the tone sound bored but yet it is more detached. Thinking can hurt you chances, and intend to survive. † The idea of the whole passage is shown, as Attwood tries to focus on the small objects in the setting rather then letting Offred thoughts wander away because she knows that everything must be controlled in the society. The theme of repression and everything being controlled, is also shown in the passage through the uniformity â€Å"does each of us have the same print, the same chair, the same white curtains,† this suggests that everything is meant to be the same. The author depicts how the theme is shown in the portrayal of the room. Things in the room have to be controlled as â€Å"thought must be rationed† thus highlighting the society at the time and its ideals. â€Å"there is no glass, in front the water-colour picture of blue irises, and why the window opens only partly and why the glass is shatterproof† The change in the mood is clearly shown here, as the passage starts with a more detached, uncertain tone of what she can do or rather not do which leads to the hint of sarcasm and the tone of being more confident and certain about something. The repression is also stressed through the use of the haracter, Aunt Lydia who has an authoritative voice and tries to control the thoughts. â€Å"Think of it as being in a army† and â€Å"where I am is not a person but a privilege, as Aunt Lydia said,† Attwood first uses the imperative tense to show the power and control that the Aunt has, she also makes what Aunt Lydia says seem like a chant and by using the comma to separate what is said with Aunt Lydia she emphasizes this is what â€Å"Aunt Lydia said† and not what she thinks. The passage from `The handmaid's tale' by Margaret Attwood focuses on the setting of the room which is shown as a symbol of her capture. The theme of turning something bad into something good is explored all throughout the passage. This is shown through juxtaposition, â€Å"braided rags† Attwood portrays turning rags into something beautiful which is what she is trying to create throughout the passage by restricting the thoughts of Offred, so that her thoughts don't wander away. The beginning of the passage shows a more uncertain tone, where the thoughts are more restricted but towards the end of the passage the tone is changed to a more cynical tone which implies more of her thoughts.

Compare and Contrast of 3 Sociology Theories - 1162 Words

Sociology is the study of society. Through the centuries, sociologists have tried to provide an explanation as to why and how humans interact with each other on a social basis. Sociologists have divided sociology into two levels, microsociology and macrosociology (Sociology). The level of microsociology studies is on a smaller perspective, as macrosociology is the study of society on a larger analysis. Today, sociology has three major theories: symbolic interactionism, functionalism and conflict. â€Å"Symbolic interaction refers to the patterns of communication, interpretation and adjustment between individuals,† (Baird and Kaufmann) humans will interpret different meanings in everyday life, from having a conversation or using their†¦show more content†¦Obviously a person of poor status would not be engaging with someone of a rich status. The more rich side of the population will gain more benefits from education and the business, providing the wants and needs to the ir dependents, creating a stronger backbone for their future. I believe, as an American, the theory that best explains our society would be functionalism. Our country solely depends on an infrastructure constructed by different branches of society working together to create a greater picture. We, as adults, pay for taxes that will supply our children with schooling, so one day they too can have a paying job to help out their children through school. The United States of America is quality example of functionalism, especially in the more massive cities like Manhattan or Chicago. Cities are dependent on the interdependent functions of society to keep their society on a sound level. Another aspect of functionalism is the organic solidarity which is most common in America because of the nation’s vast difference in ideals in everyday life which proves to keep the government and society in the middle, or never changing. In any case, if bankruptcy happens to a significant company, t he impact will be felt through society and the economy. This shows the flaws upon the theory because it does not consist with the concern of divorce or bankruptcy. As society has proven, we adapt and an independent role takes over, onceShow MoreRelatedSdffdgdfgfdg1230 Words   |  5 PagesSOC101-53: PRINCIPLES OF SOCIOLOGY LECTURE SUMMER 2013 OUTLINE – 8 WEEKS LOCATION: ONLINE LECTURE HOURS/CREDITS: 3/3 Nancy Reeves, Adjunct Instructor nreeves@gccnj.edu College Center: B-142 (856) 468-5000 ext. 6423 Office Hours: By Appointment Only It is the responsibility of the student to review the Online Syllabus at: http://www.gccnj.edu/academics/liberal_arts/syllabi.cfm. Additional information provided includes Core Competencies, Student Learning Outcomes, Topical OutlinesRead More9 Early Social Thinkers1197 Words   |  5 Pagesthe fact that he discovered the term Sociology. Comte is the founding father of sociology, he was the first to tell the world his belief on the matter; and that was that the world can be best understood. The world can be best understood, Augusts’ belief then became known as positivism. He wanted to show the world that this is the way society should be and that understands where different people come from. Since August Comte was the first to discover sociology, he paved the way for others to learnRead MoreSociology and Emile Durkheim2640 Words   |  11 PagesCompare and contrast the theories and methods of Emile Durkheim and Max Weber regarding social behavior. 1.Introduction Emile Durkheim and Max Weber are founding fathers of sociology and outstanding sociologists who made great contributions to the development of sociology and progress of human beings. Previous studies have been done about the theories and methods of Durkheim and Weber, and their works have also been studied for many times from different viewpoints, such as the nature of humanRead MoreDivision of Labor1397 Words   |  6 PagesDivision of Labor Introduction: The phrase â€Å"division of labor† has many different definitions that can be used in different contexts. The Encyclopedia of Sociology helps explore the many different ways division of labor can be defined, and recognizes that all major sociologists considered this topic to be fundamental in understanding modern society, and how it has came to be. (Borgatta Montgomery and Rhonda 2000). Some of these classical sociological thinkers expressed their own ideas of divisionRead MoreEnvironmental Psychology1009 Words   |  5 Pagespsychology, compare and contrast two major theoretical approaches, and explain the importance of research in the field of environmental psychology. The field of environmental psychology started in the 1960s and has come to light over the last four decades. It is a subfield of psychology that focuses on the study of the relationships between human behaviors as they are related to the environment. Environmental psychology works with other sciences, such as biology, geology, sociology, and philosophyRead Morecheat sheet1448 Words   |  6 Pagesother small interactions 3. Compare and contrast conflict theory with structural functionalism. Pay special attention to the way each theory treats the origin of social change. Response: Conflict theory and structural functionalism are similar in a sense where everyone can agree that someone or group has more money or power in a society. They are similar in ideas of a structured society. Where they are different is where is stems from the problem of inequality conflict theory is the notion of whenRead Moreâ€Å"Industrial Relations† and â€Å"Human Resource Management† Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and Contrast â€Å"Industrial Relations† and â€Å"Human Resource Management† With the rapid pace of globalization, economic development and the more fierce competition among enterprises, the environment of employment is becoming more and more complex than in the past. The companies, no matter private or state-owned ones, have realized the significance of human resources which is the source of social wealth and plays a decisive role in its creation. The essay is concerned about comparing and contrastingRead MoreOrganisational Behaviour What Is Organisational Behaviour?1166 Words   |  5 Pagesorganisational setting; drawing on theory, methods and principles from such disciplines as psychology, sociology and cultural anthropology to learn about individual, groups and processes. 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The Population Of Singapore Is A Multicultural Country Essay

The population of Singapore has been increasing year over year resulting in 5.54million at the end of June, 2015. Since it is a multicultural country, the population can be distinguished into two major types - residents and non-residents. The resident population was recorded as 3.9 million including 3.38 million of Singapore citizens and 0.53 million of permanent residents. Other than that, 1.63 million of non-residents also play an important of Singapore population. (Department of Statistics Singapore, 2015). The land area of Singapore is 707km ² (The World Bank, 2015) with the population density of 5,535 per square kilometer. (Department of Statistics Singapore, 2015) Compared to 2014, the total population of Singapore went up 1.2 %. It can be considered as the lowest rate during the last few years. The population of citizens increased 1% as the same as previous year. But the growth of non-residents population decreased to 2.1% from 2.9% in 2014. The rate of population growth in age of 65 is 6.5% and it shows that the percentage of older people becomes higher and higher (Department of Statistics Singapore, 2015). Lower death rate is also one of the reasons of growth population of developed countries. Higher production of food, improvement of health knowledge and higher medical technology maintain the rate of increasing aging population. Nowadays, people are trying to live longer and so many ideas come out to keep us healthy. Well cooked food and purified water creates aShow MoreRelatedA Company Of Organic Skin Care And Home Products1572 Words   |  7 Pagesmarket. We chose Singapore as a start and as a door to the Asian market. Given Singaporeà ¢â‚¬â„¢s location we thought it as the best place to start. Eden is interested in introducing green products and living to Singapore and felt it was the best place to introduce this concept. In the country, there are a couple of organic food stores and health stores. There is some competition but with careful planning and smart advertising we believe we will be able to get a good size of the market. Singapore has some ecofriendlyRead MoreThe Social Organization of Singapore2142 Words   |  9 PagesSocial Organization of Singapore Kenneth Cline ANT 101 Jo Macek November 7, 2010 My research will be based on Political, Economic, and Social Organization of Singapore—an industrialist city-state.   Even though Singapore s history dates from the 11th century, the island was little known to the West until the 19th century. 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However, they b lended well into the United Kingdom population though with major hiccups. The first batch of Asian immigrants settled in the great London area among other major towns. The majority of the Asian immigrants were basically, Iraqis, Yemenis, Somali, Palestine and Lebanese. These immigrants experienced

Women s Rights For Equal Rights - 1317 Words

At this time period racism and discrimination was going on, women were fighting for equal rights. However African American women had to fight double because of racism. Sojourner Truth was the most famous of the 19th Century black women orators, she was born into slavery, she fought for equal rights for men and women. Her speech â€Å"Ar’nt I a Woman† was written by others, after 25 years she had spoken.The people that wrote her speech had problems agreeing with what and how she said things on her speech. This speech was given on May 29, 1851 and it was given at the Women’s Rights Convention (Akron, Ohio). Sojourner Truth gave this speech because women were fighting for equal rights and was a way of expressing her opinion and to make people†¦show more content†¦Men were going to give women her rights as she affirms â€Å"But man is in a tight place, the poor slave is on him, woman is coming on him, and he is surely between a hawk and a buzzard.† Men didn’t had another option, women wanted their rights and were going to fight for them until the last consequences. She uses metaphors so, the people can unde rstand better the situation and to keep the audience engaged, she used them to keep clear that men and women are equal and that men should not be afraid of shearing their rights with women because women are going to fight for those rights. By 1851 all the people used to be very religious, people believed in god and therefore they knew everything related to him like how he came to the world, stories in the bible and the bible in general. Truth points out how was that Jesus came to this world and how to bring him to the world God needed a women and not a men, â€Å"He says women can’t have as much rights as men, because Christ wasn’t a woman! Where did your Christ come from? From God and a woman! Man had nothing to do with Him†. Interpret how men at that time thought they were superior just because Jesus God’s son was a man, she introduces an allusion to the woman that gave birth to Jesus and how men didn’t had any rolle on that event. Truth supports herShow MoreRelatedWomen s Rights For Equal Rights1208 Words   |  5 PagesIn the U.S and most developed countries, women have gone far in fighting for their equal rights. The movement continues today and as more and more women are call u pon to be aware of their roles in the society. However, the force of masculine force is still dominated and make it hard for women. Some complain and doubt that feminists have cross the line which thrown the society to another extreme, putting male into discrimination, demanding a retrivition of their male power. Sheryl Sandberg, AmericanRead MoreWomen s Rights For Equal Treatment And Equal Rights1240 Words   |  5 PagesBlanca Romero November 1st, 2015 Fall 2015 Womenism in Our Everyday Life Women have always been treated as second class citizens in the United States, they have battled for equal treatment and equal rights. Although women have more rights than they used to, there is still much progress to be made. There is a clear discrimination against women to this day; there’s a disadvantage when it comes to the workplace, they get paid less than men and are less likely to have authority positionsRead MoreWomen s Struggle For Equal Rights860 Words   |  4 Pagespre-Revolutionary France and America, Women had no political rights and were forced to rely on men. The women were destined to live a life of a house wife, she was only seen competent enough in society to raise and educate kids and take care of her household. In both countries, the revolution increased the population’s attention to political matters and made liberty and equality very important to the people. Unfortunately, Women did not claim any rights during this time, but the women of t he French RevolutionRead MoreThe Battle For Women s Equal Rights1040 Words   |  5 PagesBill of Rights were even completely formed, women were wanting the same rights as men. John Adams wife, Abigail, told him that she wanted womens rights in the amendments (Carr, 2015). The battle for women s equal rights heightened during 1848-1920 when women, lead mostly by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, wanted the right to vote (Woman’s Rights Movement, n.d.). When women finally got the right to vote, the whole women s movement went down, but never fully went away. In the 60’s the EqualRead MoreWhy Women s Rights Are Not Equal1456 Words   |  6 Pages Why Women’s rights are not equal Women have been struggling for equality and equal rights for years. Females in history have been pushed around for countless ages due to the fact that women have been the lower class.Women have made great progress in the world through protests and great struggle.Women are looked down upon in many different cultures. Through the ages women have become smarter and more developed thinking processes. With this being said women should have equal rights due to the factRead MoreWomen s Equal Rights Amendment1433 Words   |  6 PagesCampaigning for the Equal Rights Amendment in the early twentieth century, women found it particularly difficult to have their efforts opposed by other women. One of the hovering questions that went along with the proposal of the amendment was whether those supporting equality for women, advocating the equality of opportunity, would also support the enablement of women to be freely different from men without consequence. There were passionate feelings on both sides of the arguments and this debateRead MoreWomen s Rights On Equal Basis With Men1505 Words   |  7 PagesIf we can remove all the inequities and put women on equal basis with men, we recognize that we can reveal human potential very drastically. This is simply achieved by allowing women the same access and capabilities as men. We are so much closer to achieving equality between men and women than we have ever been before. I believe after the women’s suffrage in the early 1920’s, most women were recognized in politics. 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To counteract the previous statement, with the help of Barbie’s many job titles, women s equal rights and opportunities have flourished. The creator of Barbie, Ruth Handler, created her so that, â€Å"through the doll, the little girl could be anything she wanted to be. Barbie always represented the fact that a woman has choices,† (Mattel 2016)Read MoreWomen s Suffrage : The Long Resisted Struggle Of Equal Right Voting1905 Words   |  8 PagesWomen’s Suffrage: The long resisted struggle of equal right voting â€Å"Remember the ladies†, wrote boldly by the soon to be First Lady Abigail Adams to her husband John Adams in March 1776. Abigail Adams’s words were one of the first noted mentions in the United States foreshadowing the beginning of a long suppressed battle towards women’s suffrage. The fight for women suffrage was a movement in which women, and some men included, pleaded for equal rights regarding voting and women’s voice within the

Price Elasticity Of Demand Absolute And Comparative Advantage

Question: Discuss About The Demand Absolute And Comparative Advantage? Answer: Introduction Pricing decision making is influenced by many factors of which some producers are ignorant of. Producers in most cases are the price makers except on the competitive markets. However, despite owing the power to decide the price level, it is a hard task for the producers. The reason for this is that they dont understand the concept of Price Elasticity of Demand (PED). According to Graham (2017), it explains the changes observed on demand when price is varied. Analysis Demand could either be price elastic or inelastic as shown in the following figures. Fig: Elastic Demand When demand is price elastic, a unit price change causes demand for the good to fall considerably. Thus the producer may end up raising lower revenue at the higher price than when the price was lower. It is not a good idea to raise price when the demand for a good is price elastic. Fig: Inelastic Demand When the demand for a good is inelastic to price changes, a price change by a unit has no significant influence on the quantity demanded. Although there is a fall in demand, the fall is too small such that the producer will raise more revenue selling at higher price level. It is thus a good opportunity for a producer to raise the price for a good that has an inelastic demand (Gillespie, 2013). Most of the times the producers may think that raising the prices of their products may increase their revenue. However, from this analysis we can conclude that this is not always the case. Sometimes revenues may fall even when selling at a higher price. Producers should thus be cautious about the PED for their products before they vary their prices. Economies or investors have different resource and thus have different means of production or doing other activities. Whereas others are fast, others are slow in doing the same task. Since time and resources are limited, it is not possible for any given country or investor to produce all the goods it requires. Thus it produces more of those it is more efficient in producing and exchanging with that which it doesnt produce (Tucker, 2017). Absolute advantage is different from comparative advantage in that for absolute advantage, the one who possess it is that who produces more efficiently (Pettinger, 2012). For comparative advantage, the one who possess it is that who the lowest opportunity has cost. Thus the major difference between absolute advantage and comparative is that of efficiency and opportunity cost. The following scenario clearly explains the difference between the two. Ken take 8 hours to complete a mathematic assignment and 4 hours for a statistics assignment. On the other hand, David takes 10 hours to complete a mathematic assignment and 2 hours for a statistics assignment. David has absolute advantage in mathematics assignments as he spends less hours, and David has an absolute advantage in statistics. The opportunity cost of ken doing a mathematics assignment is 8/4 = 2 statistics assignment. The opportunity cost of David doing a mathematics assignment is 10/2 = 5 statistics assignment. Ken has a compa rative advantage in doing mathematics assignment since his opportunity cost is lower. Conclusion Comparative advantage helps in specialization; since Ken has a comparative advantage in mathematics assignment he should specialize in doing mathematics assignment. David should specialize in statistics assignment. In most cases, there will be an advantage if parties specialize in what they have comparative advantage on the carry an exchange. References Gillespie, A. (2013). Business economics (2nd Ed.). Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. Graham, R. (2017). How to Determine the Price Elasticity of Demand. Dummies. Retrieved 2 August 2017, from https://www.dummies.com/education/economics/how-to-determine-the-price-elasticity-of-demand/ Pettinger, T. (2012). Absolute Advantage. Economicshelp.org. Retrieved 2 August 2017, from https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/glossary/absolute-advantage/. Tucker, B. (2017). Economics for today (9th Ed.). Australia: Cengage Learning.