The Population Of Singapore Is A Multicultural Country Essay

The population of Singapore has been increasing year over year resulting in 5.54million at the end of June, 2015. Since it is a multicultural country, the population can be distinguished into two major types - residents and non-residents. The resident population was recorded as 3.9 million including 3.38 million of Singapore citizens and 0.53 million of permanent residents. Other than that, 1.63 million of non-residents also play an important of Singapore population. (Department of Statistics Singapore, 2015). The land area of Singapore is 707km ² (The World Bank, 2015) with the population density of 5,535 per square kilometer. (Department of Statistics Singapore, 2015) Compared to 2014, the total population of Singapore went up 1.2 %. It can be considered as the lowest rate during the last few years. The population of citizens increased 1% as the same as previous year. But the growth of non-residents population decreased to 2.1% from 2.9% in 2014. The rate of population growth in age of 65 is 6.5% and it shows that the percentage of older people becomes higher and higher (Department of Statistics Singapore, 2015). Lower death rate is also one of the reasons of growth population of developed countries. Higher production of food, improvement of health knowledge and higher medical technology maintain the rate of increasing aging population. Nowadays, people are trying to live longer and so many ideas come out to keep us healthy. Well cooked food and purified water creates aShow MoreRelatedA Company Of Organic Skin Care And Home Products1572 Words   |  7 Pagesmarket. We chose Singapore as a start and as a door to the Asian market. Given Singaporeà ¢â‚¬â„¢s location we thought it as the best place to start. Eden is interested in introducing green products and living to Singapore and felt it was the best place to introduce this concept. In the country, there are a couple of organic food stores and health stores. There is some competition but with careful planning and smart advertising we believe we will be able to get a good size of the market. Singapore has some ecofriendlyRead MoreThe Social Organization of Singapore2142 Words   |  9 PagesSocial Organization of Singapore Kenneth Cline ANT 101 Jo Macek November 7, 2010 My research will be based on Political, Economic, and Social Organization of Singapore—an industrialist city-state.   Even though Singapore s history dates from the 11th century, the island was little known to the West until the 19th century. Singapore is one of the World s largest ports, because the city of Singapore has become a major port, with trade exceeding that of Malaya s, Malacca and Penang combinedRead MoreThe Singapore Culture2435 Words   |  10 PagesThe Singapore Culture Terri Swayzer Ashford University Introduction to Cultural Anthropology 101 Christina Winn May 16, 2011 The Singapore Culture Singapore is a harmonious society, where diversity is dominant throughout the entire island. The elders of Singapore have interacted with different races for generations. There is a mixture of Malay, Chinese, Indians and Europeans all living within their own culture and calling themselves Singaporeans regardless of their race. EachRead More Vocabulary List with Definitions1716 Words   |  7 PagesAustralia. During this research, scientists discovered deep trenches, like the especially deep trench between the Lombok Strait and the islands of Bali. This realms biodiversity had impacts on history, especially the spices found there which attracted countries from around the world. 4. Overseas Chinese: The Overseas Chinese have played a major role in shaping the economic miracle of the Pacific Rim, having the largest immigrant minority in Southeast Asia. In the late colonial period more than 20 millionRead MoreQatar : The Richest Countries1735 Words   |  7 PagesAcross the world there are many countries or states that are very wealthy or are very poor. A example of a very wealthy country is Qatar, it has a GDP (Gross Domestic Product) from website http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/199.asp 2016, of $143,532 as stated on website http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-richest-countries-in-the-world.html, so in other words, this is the first richest country in the entire world. Furthermore, ranking top 1st richest country in the world is Qatar. Qatar isRead MoreBusiness Expansion in Indonesia1643 Words   |  7 Pagesprovinces and about 240 million people, making it the worlds 4th most populous country. It is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The capital city is Jakarta, but it shares land borders with New Guinea, East Timor and Malaysia and neighbors Singapore, the Philippines, and Australia (CIA, 2012). Table 1 below represents some of the basic cultural differences one must consider when relocating to an Asian country. Table 1 Cultural Differences Issue United States Indonesia Language Read MoreKey Characteristics That Make Up A Culture1222 Words   |  5 PagesThailand and Singapore. East Malaysia occupies a part of the island Borneo and shares borders with Indonesia and Brunei. Malaysia is a country that is multicultural and diverse. Cultural Awareness â€Å"is the foundation of communication and it involves the ability of standing back from ourselves and becoming aware of our cultural values, beliefs and perceptions† (Quappe Cantatore, 2007). The terrain of Malaysia, as well as the different cultures residing there, result in a greatly diverse country. InRead MoreEssay on Culture and Psychopathology : A relationship1910 Words   |  8 Pagesbeing effective. Creation of guidelines to help psychologists in the assessment of clients from varied cultures are important. By making sure that multicultural guidelines for assessment of psychopathological disorders are followed, the accuracy of diagnoses will increase with clients from different client populations. This will include multicultural awareness into the psychopathological assessment. While there are differences, certain disorders like schizophrenia do not vary even in culturesRead MoreEnglish, the Dominant Language?1033 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish, which is spoken by 1.9 billon of the world’s population as their first language (Redman, 2004), has been spreading rapidly in the world since the British Industrial Revolution and colonialism in many continents such as Asia, Africa and North America during the 18th century (Lavot, 2000). As the influence of English is increasing, some linguists think that it is a natural process of successful international communication. However, many other languages are also dying out at an acceleratingRead MoreThe Integration of Chinese Americans and Asian Britons in the United Kingdom1759 Words   |  7 Pagesrepresentations of the Chinese in the state companies and had equal rights as their American counterparts. Similarly, Asian immigrants in the United Kingdom were treated to a Millet type of reception. However, they b lended well into the United Kingdom population though with major hiccups. The first batch of Asian immigrants settled in the great London area among other major towns. The majority of the Asian immigrants were basically, Iraqis, Yemenis, Somali, Palestine and Lebanese. These immigrants experienced

Women s Rights For Equal Rights - 1317 Words

At this time period racism and discrimination was going on, women were fighting for equal rights. However African American women had to fight double because of racism. Sojourner Truth was the most famous of the 19th Century black women orators, she was born into slavery, she fought for equal rights for men and women. Her speech â€Å"Ar’nt I a Woman† was written by others, after 25 years she had spoken.The people that wrote her speech had problems agreeing with what and how she said things on her speech. This speech was given on May 29, 1851 and it was given at the Women’s Rights Convention (Akron, Ohio). Sojourner Truth gave this speech because women were fighting for equal rights and was a way of expressing her opinion and to make people†¦show more content†¦Men were going to give women her rights as she affirms â€Å"But man is in a tight place, the poor slave is on him, woman is coming on him, and he is surely between a hawk and a buzzard.† Men didn’t had another option, women wanted their rights and were going to fight for them until the last consequences. She uses metaphors so, the people can unde rstand better the situation and to keep the audience engaged, she used them to keep clear that men and women are equal and that men should not be afraid of shearing their rights with women because women are going to fight for those rights. By 1851 all the people used to be very religious, people believed in god and therefore they knew everything related to him like how he came to the world, stories in the bible and the bible in general. Truth points out how was that Jesus came to this world and how to bring him to the world God needed a women and not a men, â€Å"He says women can’t have as much rights as men, because Christ wasn’t a woman! Where did your Christ come from? From God and a woman! Man had nothing to do with Him†. Interpret how men at that time thought they were superior just because Jesus God’s son was a man, she introduces an allusion to the woman that gave birth to Jesus and how men didn’t had any rolle on that event. Truth supports herShow MoreRelatedWomen s Rights For Equal Rights1208 Words   |  5 PagesIn the U.S and most developed countries, women have gone far in fighting for their equal rights. The movement continues today and as more and more women are call u pon to be aware of their roles in the society. However, the force of masculine force is still dominated and make it hard for women. Some complain and doubt that feminists have cross the line which thrown the society to another extreme, putting male into discrimination, demanding a retrivition of their male power. Sheryl Sandberg, AmericanRead MoreWomen s Rights For Equal Treatment And Equal Rights1240 Words   |  5 PagesBlanca Romero November 1st, 2015 Fall 2015 Womenism in Our Everyday Life Women have always been treated as second class citizens in the United States, they have battled for equal treatment and equal rights. Although women have more rights than they used to, there is still much progress to be made. There is a clear discrimination against women to this day; there’s a disadvantage when it comes to the workplace, they get paid less than men and are less likely to have authority positionsRead MoreWomen s Struggle For Equal Rights860 Words   |  4 Pagespre-Revolutionary France and America, Women had no political rights and were forced to rely on men. 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In the 60’s the EqualRead MoreWhy Women s Rights Are Not Equal1456 Words   |  6 Pages Why Women’s rights are not equal Women have been struggling for equality and equal rights for years. Females in history have been pushed around for countless ages due to the fact that women have been the lower class.Women have made great progress in the world through protests and great struggle.Women are looked down upon in many different cultures. Through the ages women have become smarter and more developed thinking processes. With this being said women should have equal rights due to the factRead MoreWomen s Equal Rights Amendment1433 Words   |  6 PagesCampaigning for the Equal Rights Amendment in the early twentieth century, women found it particularly difficult to have their efforts opposed by other women. 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To counteract the previous statement, with the help of Barbie’s many job titles, women s equal rights and opportunities have flourished. The creator of Barbie, Ruth Handler, created her so that, â€Å"through the doll, the little girl could be anything she wanted to be. Barbie always represented the fact that a woman has choices,† (Mattel 2016)Read MoreWomen s Suffrage : The Long Resisted Struggle Of Equal Right Voting1905 Words   |  8 PagesWomen’s Suffrage: The long resisted struggle of equal right voting â€Å"Remember the ladies†, wrote boldly by the soon to be First Lady Abigail Adams to her husband John Adams in March 1776. Abigail Adams’s words were one of the first noted mentions in the United States foreshadowing the beginning of a long suppressed battle towards women’s suffrage. The fight for women suffrage was a movement in which women, and some men included, pleaded for equal rights regarding voting and women’s voice within the

Price Elasticity Of Demand Absolute And Comparative Advantage

Question: Discuss About The Demand Absolute And Comparative Advantage? Answer: Introduction Pricing decision making is influenced by many factors of which some producers are ignorant of. Producers in most cases are the price makers except on the competitive markets. However, despite owing the power to decide the price level, it is a hard task for the producers. The reason for this is that they dont understand the concept of Price Elasticity of Demand (PED). According to Graham (2017), it explains the changes observed on demand when price is varied. Analysis Demand could either be price elastic or inelastic as shown in the following figures. Fig: Elastic Demand When demand is price elastic, a unit price change causes demand for the good to fall considerably. Thus the producer may end up raising lower revenue at the higher price than when the price was lower. It is not a good idea to raise price when the demand for a good is price elastic. Fig: Inelastic Demand When the demand for a good is inelastic to price changes, a price change by a unit has no significant influence on the quantity demanded. Although there is a fall in demand, the fall is too small such that the producer will raise more revenue selling at higher price level. It is thus a good opportunity for a producer to raise the price for a good that has an inelastic demand (Gillespie, 2013). Most of the times the producers may think that raising the prices of their products may increase their revenue. However, from this analysis we can conclude that this is not always the case. Sometimes revenues may fall even when selling at a higher price. Producers should thus be cautious about the PED for their products before they vary their prices. Economies or investors have different resource and thus have different means of production or doing other activities. Whereas others are fast, others are slow in doing the same task. Since time and resources are limited, it is not possible for any given country or investor to produce all the goods it requires. Thus it produces more of those it is more efficient in producing and exchanging with that which it doesnt produce (Tucker, 2017). Absolute advantage is different from comparative advantage in that for absolute advantage, the one who possess it is that who produces more efficiently (Pettinger, 2012). For comparative advantage, the one who possess it is that who the lowest opportunity has cost. Thus the major difference between absolute advantage and comparative is that of efficiency and opportunity cost. The following scenario clearly explains the difference between the two. Ken take 8 hours to complete a mathematic assignment and 4 hours for a statistics assignment. On the other hand, David takes 10 hours to complete a mathematic assignment and 2 hours for a statistics assignment. David has absolute advantage in mathematics assignments as he spends less hours, and David has an absolute advantage in statistics. The opportunity cost of ken doing a mathematics assignment is 8/4 = 2 statistics assignment. The opportunity cost of David doing a mathematics assignment is 10/2 = 5 statistics assignment. Ken has a compa rative advantage in doing mathematics assignment since his opportunity cost is lower. Conclusion Comparative advantage helps in specialization; since Ken has a comparative advantage in mathematics assignment he should specialize in doing mathematics assignment. David should specialize in statistics assignment. In most cases, there will be an advantage if parties specialize in what they have comparative advantage on the carry an exchange. References Gillespie, A. (2013). Business economics (2nd Ed.). Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. Graham, R. (2017). How to Determine the Price Elasticity of Demand. Dummies. Retrieved 2 August 2017, from https://www.dummies.com/education/economics/how-to-determine-the-price-elasticity-of-demand/ Pettinger, T. (2012). Absolute Advantage. Economicshelp.org. Retrieved 2 August 2017, from https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/glossary/absolute-advantage/. Tucker, B. (2017). Economics for today (9th Ed.). Australia: Cengage Learning.

Manichism In Economics Essays - Economic Theories,

Manichism In Economics The Manichaean character of economics. Charles Kindleberger. Abstract: Economics is said to have adopted a certain degree of dualism. None of its tenets have been absolute in terms of social effectiveness. To survive in an economic system, rules must be enforced to ensure the peace. There are times when pluralism is good for a society as a way recognizing social differences. However, there are times, such as war, when the rule of a central authority is preferred. Laws in economics are hardly permanent since such regulations are enacted and enforced only when the need arises. Full Text: COPYRIGHT 1999 M.E. Sharpe, Inc. Are there any absolute answers in economics? This international trade economist and economic historian has his doubts. The answer to most questions is "It depends." Manichaeus, as we all know from the Oxford dictionary; was a Persian philosopher of the third century A.D., whose system held some sway throughout the Roman empire and Asia until the fifth century (with some elements lasting to the thirteenth). He believed in dualism, the coexistence of good and evil, with Satan coequal with God. I suggest that economics has a heavy dose of dualism, though I hesitate to characterize views that differ from mine as evil or satanic. In the first edition of Economics: An Introductory Analysis the only one I read when I was teaching the introductory course - Paul Samuelson wrote that when one is offered a choice, it is not legitimate to say "both." I hesitate to differ from my esteemed colleague, but "both" is often a correct answer, as occasionally is "neither." Is one supposed to believe in Say's law that supply creates its own demand, or Keynes's law that demand creates the needed supply? In the course of a long academic life, I have developed Kindleberger's law of alternatives, based on historical examples. Often after extended policy debate, the powers that be end up doing both. In 1931 Keynes recommended tariffs, others devaluation or depreciation. Outcome: both. During World War II there was a vigorous Allied debate as to how best to push back German railheads from the Normandy beaches, whether by bombing marshaling yards, as the British called them, or bridges. Answer again: both. Nor did questioning a German prisoner of war, General des Transportwesen West, under Marshall von Runstedt, make clear which was better. American interrogators got the answer from Oberst (colonel) Hoffner they wanted - bridges - and the British theirs - marshaling yards. Robert Heilbroner has been a Classicist (Say's law?) and a Keynesian (Keynes's law?) and has been mildly infected with Marxism, but has never to my knowledge adopted the absolutist position of denying all truth to the polar opposite. In economic debates we have capitalism versus socialism; perfect markets with rational and informed suppliers and demanders versus market failure; monetarism versus Keynesianism; fundamentals (such as geography demography, technology, and perhaps history) versus institutions, path dependency; externalities, and occasional breakouts of herd behavior ending in financial crisis; free banking versus regulation and central banks; public choice versus markets (governments make mistakes but markets seldom do, and such mistakes as they rarely make are quickly corrected); centralization versus pluralism; rules versus decisions by authorities . . . One could go on. In international trade, which I taught before I learned the delight of historical economics, I was wont to say that the answer to every question in economics is, "It depends," and that it usually depended on the magnitude of the elasticities. President Truman sought one-armed economic advisers because of his unhappiness with the answer to his question "On the one hand, . . .; on the other hand, . . ." I have admiration approaching reverence for the thirty-third president of the United States, but I cannot endorse his pleas for an answer of "Yes," or perhaps "No," followed by a number. Let me illustrate this deeply philosophical or perhaps cowardly position with a few examples drawn from history. I skip capitalism versus socialism because most of us believe in the mixed economy, perhaps leaning slightly to one or the other, but in any case nowhere near the limits. Such, as I interpret it, is the Heilbroner take on Marxism since his infection at (by?) the New School. Centralization versus pluralism can be disposed of in two sentences, though I have a book of 100 pages on the issue: In quiet times, pluralism is better because it is more democratic. In crisis or on deep moral issues such as slavery or racism, some central authority is preferable. It is, however, difficult to

Summary of the Russian Civil War

Summary of the Russian Civil War Russia’s October Revolution of 1917 produced a civil war between the Bolshevik government – who had just seized power - and a number of rebel armies. This civil war is often said to have started in 1918, but bitter fighting began in 1917. Although most of the war was over by 1920, it took until 1922 for the Bolsheviks, who held the industrial heartland of Russia from the start, to crush all opposition. Origins of the War: Reds and Whites Form In 1917, after the second revolution in one year, the socialist Bolsheviks had seized command of Russia’s political heart. They dismissed the elected Constitutional Assembly at gunpoint and banned opposition politics; it was clear they wanted a dictatorship. However, there was still stiff opposition to the Bolsheviks, not least of which from the right-wing faction in the army; this began to form a unit of volunteers from hardcore anti-Bolsheviks in the Kuban Steppes. By June 1918 this force had survived great difficulties from the infamous Russian winter, fighting the ‘First Kuban Campaign’ or the ‘Ice March’, a near continuous battle and movement against the Reds that lasted over fifty days and saw their commander Kornilov (who may have attempted a coup in 1917) killed. They now came under the command of General Denikin. They became known as the ‘Whites’ in contrast to the Bolsheviks ‘Red Army’. On the news of Kornilovâ€⠄¢s death, Lenin announced: â€Å"It can be said with certainty that, in the main, the civil war has ended.† (Mawdsley, The Russian Civil War, p. 22) He could not have been more wrong. Areas on the outskirts of the Russian empire took advantage of the chaos to declare independence and in 1918 almost the whole periphery of Russia was lost to the Bolsheviks by localized military revolts. The Bolsheviks stimulated further opposition when they signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany. Although the Bolsheviks had gained some of their support by pledging to end the war, the terms of the peace treaty – which gave substantial land to Germany – caused those on the left wing who remained non-Bolshevik to split away. The Bolsheviks responded by expelling them from the Soviets and then targeted them with a secret police force. In addition, Lenin wanted a brutal civil war so he could sweep away the substantial opposition in one bloodletting. Further military opposition to the Bolsheviks also emerged from foreign forces. The Western powers in World War 1 were still fighting the conflict and hoped to restart the eastern front in order to draw German forces away from the west or even just stop the weak Soviet government allowing Germans free reign in the newly conquered Russian land. Later, the allies acted to try and secure the return of nationalized foreign investments and defend the new allies they’d made. Among those campaigning for a war effort was Winston Churchill. To do this the British, French and US landed a small expeditionary force at Murmansk and Archangel. In addition to these factions, the 40,000 strong Czechoslovak Legion, which had been fighting against Germany and Austria-Hungary for independence, was given permission to leave Russia via the eastern fringe of the former empire. However, when the Red Army ordered them to disarm after a brawl, the Legion resisted and seized control of local facilities including the vital Trans-Siberian Railway. The dates of these attacks – May 25th, 1918 – are often incorrectly called the start of the Civil War, but the Czech legion did swiftly take a large territory, especially when compared to the armies in World War 1, thanks to seizing almost the entire railway and with it access to vast areas of Russia. The Czechs decided to ally with anti-Bolshevik forces in the hope of fighting against Germany again. Anti-Bolshevik forces took advantage of the chaos to coalesce here and new White armies emerged. The Nature of the Reds and Whites The ‘Reds’ - the Bolshevik-dominated Red Army, which was hastily formed in 1918 - were clustered around the capital. Operating under the leadership of Lenin and Trotsky, they had a uniform agenda, albeit one that as the war continued. They were fighting to retain control and keep Russia together. Trotsky and Bonch-Bruevich (a vital ex-Tsarist commander) pragmatically organized them along traditional military lines and used Tsarist officers, despite socialist complaints. The Tsar’s former elite joined in droves because, with their pensions canceled, they had little choice. Equally crucially, the Reds had access to the hub of the rail network and could move troops around quickly, and controlled the key supply regions for both men and material. With sixty million people, the Reds could muster greater numbers than their rivals. The Bolsheviks worked with other socialist groups like the Mensheviks and SRs when they needed to, and turned against them when the chance w as there. As a result, by the end of the civil war, the Reds were almost entirely Bolshevik. On the other hand, the Whites were far from being a unified force. They were, in practice, comprised of ad hoc groups opposed to both the Bolsheviks, and sometimes each other, and were outnumbered and overstretched thanks to controlling a smaller population over a huge area. Consequently, they failed to pull together in a unified front and were forced to operate independently. The Bolsheviks saw the war as a struggle between their workers and Russia’s upper and middle classes, and as a war of socialism against international capitalism. The Whites were loath to recognize land reforms, so didn’t convert the peasants to their cause, and were loath to recognize nationalist movements, so largely lost their support. The Whites were rooted in the old Tsarist and monarchical regime, while Russia’s masses had moved on. There were also the ‘Greens’. These were forces fighting, not for the reds of the whites, but after their own goals, like national independence – neither the Reds or Whites recognized breakaway regions - or for food and booty. There were also the ‘Blacks’, the Anarchists. The Civil War Battle in the civil war was fully joined by the middle of June 1918 on multiple fronts. The SRs created their own republic in Volga – ‘Komuch’, aided greatly by the Czech Legion - but their socialist army was beaten. An attempt by Komuch, the Siberian Provisional Government and others in the east to form a unified government produced a five-man Directory. However, a coup led by Admiral Kolchak took it over, and he was proclaimed Supreme Ruler of Russia (he had no navy). However, Kolchak and his right-leaning officers were highly suspicious of any anti-Bolshevik socialists, and the latter were driven out. Kolchek then created a military dictatorship. Kolchak was not put in power by foreign allies as the Bolsheviks later claimed; they were actually against the coup. Japanese troops had also landed in the Far East, while in late 1918 the French arrived through the south in the Crimea and British in the Caucuses. The Don Cossacks, after initial problems, rose and seized control of their region and started pushing out. Their siege of Tsaritsyn (later known as Stalingrad) caused arguments between the Bolsheviks Stalin and Trotsky, an enmity which would greatly affect Russian history. Deniken, with his ‘Volunteer Army’ and the Kuban Cossacks, had great success with limited numbers against larger, but weaker, Soviet forces in the Caucasus and Kuban, destroying a whole Soviet army. This was achieved without allied aid. He then took Kharkov and Tsaritsyn, broke out into Ukraine, and began a general move north towards Moscow from across large parts of the south, providing the greatest threat to the Soviet capital of the war. At the start of 1919, the Reds attacked Ukraine, where rebel socialists and Ukrainian nationalists who wanted the region to be independent fought back. The situation soon broke down into rebel forces dominating some regions and the Reds, under a puppet Ukrainian leader, holding others. Border regions like Latvia and Lithuania turned into stalemates as Russia preferred to fight elsewhere. Kolchak and multiple armies attacked from the Urals towards the west, made some gains, got bogged down in the thawing snow, and were pushed well back beyond the mountains. There were battles in Ukraine and surrounding areas between other countries over territory. The Northwestern Army, under Yudenich – very skilled but very small - advanced out of the Baltic and threatened St. Petersburg before his ‘allied’ elements went their own way and disrupted the attack, which was pushed back and collapsed. Meanwhile, World War 1 had ended, and the European states engaged in foreign intervention suddenly found their key motivation had evaporated. France and Italy urged a major military intervention, Britain and the US much less. The Whites urged them to stay, claiming that the Reds were a major threat to Europe, but after a series of peace initiatives failed the European intervention was scaled back. However, weaponry and equipment were still imported to the Whites. The possible consequence of any serious military mission from the allies is still debated, and Allied supplies took a while to arrive, usually only playing a role later in the war. 1920: The Red Army Triumphant The White threat was at its greatest in October 1919 (Mawdsley, The Russian Civil War, p. 195), but how great this threat was is debated. However, the Red Army had survived 1919 and had time to solidify and become effective. Kolchak, pushed out of Omsk and vital supply territory by the Reds, tried to establish himself at Irktusk, but his forces fell apart and, after resigning, he was arrested by left-leaning rebels he’d managed to totally alienate during his rule, given to the Reds, and executed. Other White gains were also driven back as the Reds took advantage of overreaching lines. Tens of thousands of Whites fled through the Crimea as Denikin and his army were pushed right back and morale collapsed, the commander himself fleeing abroad. A ‘Government of South Russia’ under Vrangel was formed in the region as the remainder fought on and advanced  out but were pushed back. More evacuations then took place: nearly 150,000 fled by sea, and the Bolsheviks shot tens of thousands of those left behind. Armed independence movements in the newly declared republics of Armenia,  Georgia, and Azerbaijan were crushed, and large portions added to the new USSR. The Czech Legion were allowed to travel east and evacuate by sea. The major failure of 1920 was the attack  on  Poland, which followed Polish attacks into disputed areas during 1919 and early 1920. The worker’s revolt the Reds were anticipating didn’t happen, and the Soviet army was ejected. The Civil War was effectively over by November 1920, although pockets of resistance struggled on for a few more years. The Reds were victorious. Now their Red Army and Cheka could focus on hunting down and eliminating the remaining traces of White Support. It took until 1922 for Japan to pull their troops out of the Far East. Between seven and ten million had died from war,  disease, and famine. All sides committed great atrocities. Aftermath The failure of the Whites in the civil war was caused in large part by their failure to unite, although because of Russia’s vast geography it’s hard to see how they ever could have provided a united front. They were also outnumbered and  outsupplied  by the Red Army, which had better communications. It’s also believed that the failure of the Whites to adopt a program of policies which would have appealed to the peasants – such as land reform – or the nationalists – such as independence – stopped them gaining any mass support. This failure allowed the Bolsheviks to establish themselves as rulers of the new, communist USSR, which would directly and substantially affect European – and world – history for decades. The Reds were by no means popular, but they were more popular than the conservative Whites thanks to land reform; by no means an effective government, but more effective than the Whites. The Red Terror of the Cheka was more effective than the White Terror, allowing a greater grip on their host population, stopping the sort of internal rebellion which might have fatally weakened the Reds. They outnumbered and outproduced their opponents thanks to holding the core of Russia, and could defeat their enemies piecemeal. The Russian economy was massively damaged, leading to Lenin’s pragmatic retreat into the market forces of the New Economic Policy. Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania were accepted as independent. The Bolsheviks has consolidated their power, with the party expanding, dissidents being quelled and institutions taking shape. Quite what effect the war had on the Bolsheviks, who started with a loose grip on Russia with little established, and ended firmly in charge, is debated. For many, the war happened so early in the lifespan of the Bolshevik’s rule that it had a massive effect, leading to the party’s willingness to coerce by violence, use highly centralized policies, dictatorship, and ‘summary justice’. A third of Communist party (the old Bolshevik party) members who joined in 1917 – 20 had fought in the war and gave the party an overall feeling of military command and unquestioned obedience to orders. The Reds were also able to tap into the Tsarist mindset to dominate.

Thomas Saverys Steam Engine

Thomas Saverys Steam Engine Thomas Savery was born to a well-known family in Shilston, England sometime around 1650. He was well educated and exhibited a great fondness for mechanics, mathematics, experimentation and invention. Saverys Early Inventions   One of Saverys earliest inventions was a clock, which remains in his family to this day and is considered an ingenious piece of mechanism. He went on to  invent and patented arrangement of paddle  wheels driven by capstans to propel vessels in calm weather. He pitched the idea to the British Admiralty and the Wavy Board but met with no success. The principal objector was the surveyor of the Navy who dismissed Savery with the remark, And have interloping people, that have no concern with us, pretend to contrive or invent things for us? Savery was not deterred he fitted his apparatus to a small vessel and exhibited its operation on the Thames, although the invention was never introduced by the Navy. The First Steam Engine Savery invented the steam engine sometime after the debut of his paddle  wheels, an idea first conceived by  Edward Somerset, Marquis of Worcester, as well as a few other earlier inventors. It’s been rumored that Savery read Somerset’s book first describing the invention and subsequently attempted to destroy all evidence of it in anticipation of his own invention. He allegedly bought up all copies he could find and burned them.   Although the story isn’t particularly credible, a comparison of the drawings of the two engines Saverys and Somersets shows a striking resemblance. If nothing else, Savery should be given credit for the successful introduction of this semi-omnipotent and water-commanding engine. He patented the design of his first engine on July 2, 1698. A working model was submitted to the Royal Society of London. The Road to the Patent Savery faced constant and embarrassing expense in the construction of his first steam engine. He had to keep the British mines and particularly the deep pits of Cornwall free from water. He finally completed the project and conducted some successful experiments with it, exhibiting a model of his fire engine before King William III and his court at Hampton Court in 1698. Savery then obtained his patent without delay. The title of the patent reads: A grant to Thomas Savery of the sole exercise of a new invention by him invented, for raising of water, and occasioning motion to all sorts of mill works, by the important force of fire, which will be of great use for draining mines, serving towns with water, and for the working of all sorts of mills, when they have not the benefit of water nor constant winds; to hold for 14 years; with usual clauses. Introducing His Invention to the World Savery next went about letting the world know about his invention. He began a systematic and successful advertising campaign, missing no opportunity to make his plans not merely known but well understood. He obtained permission to appear with his model fire engine and to explain its operation at a meeting of the Royal Society.  The minutes of that meeting read: Mr. Savery entertained the Society with showing his engine to raise water by the force of fire. He was thanked for showing the experiment, which succeeded according to expectation, and was approved of.   Hoping to introduce his fire engine to the  mining districts of Cornwall as a pumping engine,  Savery wrote a prospectus for general circulation, The Miners Friend; or, A Description of an Engine to Raise Water by Fire.†Ã‚   Implementation of the Steam Engine Saverys prospectus was printed in London in 1702.  He proceeded to distribute it among the proprietors and managers of mines, who were finding at that time that the flow of water at certain depths was so great as to prevent operation. In many cases, the cost of drainage left no satisfactory margin of profit. Unfortunately, although Saverys fire engine began to be used for supplying water to towns, large estates, country houses and other private establishments, it did not come into general use among the mines. The  risk for explosion of the boilers or receivers was too great.   There were other difficulties in the application of the Savery engine to many kinds of work, but this was the most serious. In fact, explosions did occur with fatal results. When used in mines, the engines were necessarily placed within 30 feet or less of the lowest level and could potentially become submerged if the water should rise above that level. In many cases this would result in the loss of the engine. The mine would remain drowned unless another engine should be procured to pump it out. The consumption of fuel with these engines was very great as well. The steam could not be generated economically because the boilers used were simple forms and presented too little heating surface to secure a complete transfer of heat from the gases of combustion to the water within the boiler. This waste in the generation of steam was followed by still more serious waste in its application. Without expansion to the expulsion of water from a metallic receiver, the cold and wet sides absorbed heat with the greatest avidity. The great mass of the liquid was not heated by the steam and was expelled at the temperature at which it was raised from below. Improvements to the Steam Engine Savery later began work with Thomas Newcomen on an atmospheric steam engine.  Newcomen was an English blacksmith who invented this improvement over Slaverys previous design. The Newcomen steam engine used the force of atmospheric pressure. His engine pumped steam into a cylinder. The steam was then condensed by cold water, which created a vacuum on the inside of the cylinder. The resulting atmospheric pressure operated a piston, creating downward strokes. Unlike the engine Thomas Savery had patented in 1698, the intensity of pressure in Newcomen’s engine was not limited by the pressure of the steam. Together with John Calley, Newcomen built his first engine in 1712 atop a water-filled mineshaft and used it to pump water out of the mine. The Newcomen engine was the predecessor to the Watt engine and it was one of the most interesting pieces of technology developed during the 1700s. James Watt was an inventor and mechanical engineer born in Greenock, Scotland, renowned for his improvements of the steam engine. While working for the University of Glasgow in 1765, Watt was assigned the task of repairing a Newcomen engine, which was considered  inefficient but still the best steam engine of its time. He began to work on several improvements to Newcomens design. Most notable was his 1769 patent for a separate condenser connected to a cylinder by a valve. Unlike Newcomens engine, Watts design had a condenser that could be kept cool while the cylinder was hot. Watts engine soon became the dominant design for all modern steam engines and helped bring about the Industrial Revolution. A unit of power called the watt was named after him.

Is addiction a disease or not Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Is addiction a disease or not - Essay Example 1). Saah, on the other hand, provided the meaning of the term as â€Å"a personality disorder, (which) may also be seen as a worldwide epidemic with evolutionary genetic, physiological, and environmental influences controlling this behavior† (Saah: Introduction par. 1). The National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) presented its meaning as â€Å"a chronic, relapsing brain disease that is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences† (NIDA par. 1). These definitions have disparities in terms of identifying addiction as a state of dependence, which is a behavioral or personality condition; as contrasted to it being identified as a disease of the brain. The aim of the current discourse is to determine whether addiction is a disease or just an extreme form of learning. Background and Review of Literature The history of having diagnosed addiction as an abnormal condition was noted to have originated from the 1800s where doctors allegedly worke d with patients, identified to have been diagnosed with alcoholism and drug addiction, as confined in private sanitariums (Origins Recovery Centers). Only in 1934 was it disclosed that a particular doctor, Dr. William D. Silkworth, had apparently revolutionized finding appropriate and effective treatment for addiction through the establishment and close link of working and being supported by a group of committed individuals. As noted, â€Å"it was the doctor’s belief that an addict has both mental and physical abnormalities† (Origins Recovery Centers par. 5). At this stage, addiction has already been identified complex in terms of containing mental, as well as physical abnormalities; components which were separately identified in definitions noted above. From the study written by Sussman and Sussman, the authors explored the various definitions of addiction. Accordingly, the authors included â€Å"elements of addiction derived from a literature search that uncovered 5 2 studies include: (a) engagement in the behavior to achieve appetitive effects, (b) preoccupation with the behavior, (c) temporary satiation, (d) loss of control, and (e) suffering negative consequences† (Sussman and Sussman 4025). The authors have likewise uncovered the date of origin of examining addiction cases to the 1700s from the study written by Meyer entitled â€Å"The disease called addiction: Emerging evidence in a 200-year debate† (Sussman and Sussman 4036). On the contrary, addiction was emphasized that it was not at all a disease but instead, an extreme form of learning. Lewis contended that other emotions, such as love, also alter the brain; yet, not called a disease. He argued that â€Å"physical changes in the brain are its only way to learn, to remember, and to develop. But we wouldn’t want to call learning a disease† (Lewis par. 9). To this, he aptly concluded that â€Å"addiction (whether to drugs, food, gambling, or whatever) doesnâ⠂¬â„¢t fit a specific physiological category. Rather, I see addiction as an extreme form of normality, if one can say such a thing. Perhaps more precisely: an extreme form of learning. No doubt addiction is a frightening, often horrible, state to endure, whether in oneself or in one’s loved ones. But that doesn’t make it a disease† (Lewis par. 11). Analysis of the Definition of Addiction and Confirmation From the definitions that were provided, one affirmed that these

Czech Economy and European Union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Czech Economy and European Union - Essay Example The conditions include: 2. Government Finance: This head contains limits for the Government deficit and the Government debt.Firstly, the ratio of the annual government deficit to the GDP should not exceed 3%(as reckoned at the end of the preceding fiscal year).Secondly, the ratio of the gross government debt to GDP should not exceed 60%(as reckoned at the end of the preceding fiscal year). 3. Exchange Rate: The aspirant countries should have been members of the Exchange Rate Mechanisms under the European Monetary System for two consecutive years and should and have devalued their currency during that period. E) The European Central Bank (ECB) is chiefly responsible for formulating the monetary policy for the 13 member states. The main objective if the ECB is to maintain price stability in the euro area. Additionally the Bank is bound to pursue the objectives stated under Article 12 of the Treaty of EU, ie; to achieve a high level of employment and sustainable economic growth. The banks functions by employing the following tools to achieve the aforementioned objectives: The ECB must fix a single interest rate as a part of the monetary policy formulation. The rate is set by the governing council of the ECB which meets twice every month. Once the interest rate has been fixed the National Central Banks must implement and maintain it in their countries.Thi is done by initiating the "open market operations". For the foreign exchange operations, the bank operates a minimum reserve system. The credit institutions in the euro area must keep a minimum reserve with the ECB which has been currently set at 26% of their total liabilities. Additional tasks include issuance of bank notes in the euro area and promotion of smooth payment system. F) Impact of Euro adoption: Fundamentally the adoption of the euro is the most important example of structured co-operation inside the EU and marks the full monetary integration of the 13 member states. A preliminary study by the European Commission indicates that the single

Psychology Lifespan Essay Example for Free

Psychology Lifespan Essay Ellen DeGeneres never thought that announcing she was a lesbian would have been a big deal. She knew then that what she was doing would caused questions and controversy but not in a way where she would be considered the poster child for the Gay Community. The way Ellen came out to the world was a bigger shock to her than it was to her audience. This is when Ellen realized that she changed more than her own life coming out. Her fan base got bigger and her life opened up for the greater good. She felt like coming out should not change what she would be doing for humanity. On Ellen’s 50th birthday, she decided to raise money and get notice to her hometown, New Orleans, Louisiana, some help for the August 2005 Hurricane Katrina. This storm was one of the most deadly storms in United States history. During the storm the federal flood protection system failed and the levee broke, flooding 80% of the city and surrounding cities for weeks. Since Ellen had connections with many other celebrities, she used those connections to get help for her city. Brad Pitt was one of the celebrities that had a foundation going for rebuilding homes in New Orleans. With the help of Ellen putting out the foundation through her television show, Brad was able to get 150 homes built. She showed her passion for helping out when she told the world why this fundraiser was important to her. She shows that the place she looked at as home and helped made her who she was Ellen DeGeneres has been an inspiration to people for the past twelve years. Ellen’s life had just begun. Ellen DeGeneres came into the world January 26, 1956 in Jefferson, Louisiana at the Oschner Foundation Hospital. In the book, Love, Ellen: A Mother/Daughters Journey (1999), Betty Degeneres, Ellen’s mother, said that she was a miracle. Ellen’s father didn’t want anymore chidren after her brother was born, four years earlier. He thought that one child was sufficient enough. But Betty was determined to convince him that they should try again for another child. According to Lisa Iannucci (2009) Ellen was just a normal child, she played with her sibling and played outside like any other child would do at that age. She was a tomboy that wore fancy dresses and played with Barbie dolls. She once had dreams of becoming a naturalist or zoologist. She had a love and passion for animals and wanted to later join the Peace Corps to study the apes in Africa. Growing up Ellen had a fascination for great comedians such as Jack Benny, George Gorbel, and the comedy team Bob and Ray. Watching these comics entertain crowds was a little informal training of Ellen’s career in the later years. Ellen discovered the benefits of comedy when her mother divorced her dad. Her mother had been so down and depressed that Ellen knew she could cheer her up with a laugh. Ellen used this same comedic value to get through the very tough times in her life. When Ellen was sixteen she started partying, becoming rebellious, and hanging out with the wrong crowds. In her small town of Metairie, she would drink beer with her friends and stay out all night. This was her reaction to her mother getting remarried in 1974 to a salesman. Her mother wanted to remove her from the city, so the salesman got a new job in Atlanta, Texas. The DeGeneres family packed up and moved to Atlanta. While in Texas, Ellen started to fit into her new life there. Ellen started dating her first boyfriend, Ben Heath. Her brother Vance was in a band in high school and was receiving a lot of attention. Ellen wanted some of this attention that her brother was getting and was starting to have dreams of becoming famous. Ellen craved for people to like her, she wanted to try to find a way to become famous so people would like her and want to be her friend. Ellen’s family looked like the perfect family from the outside, but something dark and eerie was going on inside. Behind close doors the salesman was crude and bossy and Ellen did not like who he was. During this time Ellen’s mother found out that she had breast cancer. She ended up having a mastectomy and had to do physical therapy and rehabilitation. Betty tried to hide her cancer from Ellen but she needed Ellen’s help to recover. This is when Ellen and her mother became close. During this time of recovery, the salesman molested Ellen. She didn’t want to get her mother upset so she didn’t mention it to her, while she was recovering. When her stepfather tried to molester again, she ran away to a friend’s house. Ellen left Atlanta, Texas and move back to Louisiana with her father after she graduated high school. Once Ellen moved to Louisiana, she enrolled into the University of New Orleans, to major in Communications. Ellen soon found out that college wasn’t for her and dropped out after one semester. Ellen started to search for a career since college didn’t go as planned. During this time of finding a career, Ellen was also finding herself. She was holding another secret about her sexuality from family and friends. She was starting to feel confused about her sexuality. This could have been a result of the nuture factor. Her homosexuality could have been triggered from her stepfather molesting her. Nurture refers to the childhood and how an individual grew up (MacKinnon, 1962). She liked boys in the beginning; she had some boyfriends in the past, but she was never really attracted to men. Once Ellen figured out what sexual orientation that she was, she started dating women but still haven’t broke the news to her family. She decided to tell her mom one day while they were walking along the beach. She started to cry, not because she was afraid, but because she was now free of this secret that she was holding. Her mom embraced her and accepted Ellen’s fate. During this time that Ellen came out about her sexuality, it was forbidden doing those times. In the 1950s consensual gay sex was a felony. The gay communities were trying to fight for rights in the 1960s but were still getting tortured and shunned. Betty started to be afraid for Ellen. Being homosexual was considered to be a mental health disorder by the psychiatric community. The National Gay Task Force Foundation was founded in 1973, in New York, and worked to change the American Psychiatric Association’s grouping of homosexuality as a mental heath problem. Ellen’s brother accepted the news well, but Ellen’s father did take it very well. He later kicked Ellen out of the house, thinking that she would influence her stepsiblings. He later helped her get an apartment and admitted that he regretted what he did to her. Ellen acquired many jobs; she sold clothes, was a bartender, washed cars, shucked oysters, and wrapped gifts. Just like she knew that college wasn’t for her, these jobs weren’t satisfying her neither, she was hungry to do something more. She now knew that she wanted to make people laugh for the rest of her life. She began performing at a few small venues in New Orleans. Her routines were different than other comedians of her time such as, Eddie Murphy, Chris Rock, and Richard Pryor. The difference between them and her was he bits didn’t have vulgarity and sexual references. Ellen joked about her everyday life and experiences. She did this to relate to her audiences. Ellen started to take off in her career. She started competing in comedy competition where she placed first in the â€Å"Funniest Person in America† competition. She later went to open for a few acts in Las Vegas where the producer from â€Å"The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson† was there and asked her to come on the show. Once she performed on the Tonight Show, this put her career in overdrive and she became a superstar. She became the first female comedic to seat on the big couch on the Tonight Show. She ended up coming back on six more times in two years. She later got a minor role on Open House in 1989. It was a spin-off of the fox show Duet. She then went and filmed her first HBO special Young Comedian Reunion, in 1986. Two years later she appeared in HBO’s Women of the Night. She got a small role in the movie The Coneheads, and got her own sitcom on ABC called These Friends of Mine. Ellen revealed her true sexual preference in Time magazine April 1997 issue. In this issue she talked about her life as a gay woman and hiding who she was in the comedian community. She made her character on her television show Ellen also comes out of the closet. This caused some controversy for the Christian religion organizations. She made her first appearance publicly with her sexuality at the White House Correspondents Dinner with actress Anne Heche on her arm. In 1998 Ellen honored at the 9th Annual GLAAD Media Awards with the Stephen F. Kolzak Award. Ellen now was fighting for her lesbian life on and off the television. Her mother started to become an advocate to her daughter’s lifestyle. Betty started volunteering at the Human Rights Campaign. Her mother became the first nongay national spokesperson for the Human Rights Campaign. She was helping to encourage and assist gay people in coming out and living honestly. Her mother also became an active member of Parents, Family, and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG). In 2003 Ellen started her own daytime television talk show called The Ellen Degeneres Show. People were afraid that Ellen would just bring up gay themes through out the show and didn’t want it to go on air. Once people got over the fact that Ellen was gay, her show started to skyrocket on television ratings. It was the television show that Ellen had always wanted. She could make people laugh and every loved her. In season two the show won five daytime Emmys. In 2005 Ellen won a Grammy for having the best comedy album for the audio portion of her book. She also won some awards at the People’s Choice Awards. While her show was getting good ratings, she met her current wife, Portia de Rossi. She met Portia at a photo shoot in 2004. Ellen and Portia quickly fell in love. They both ended their current relationships and started dating in 2005. They went on to get married in 2008 after California passed the Same-Sex Marriage Act. With all of Ellen’s life decisions, it had to do with her social and emotional development. She was always able to make transitions from one activity to another. Her ability to start a new when it came to her many careers before she found the right one was an example of her social/emotional development (Roeser, Eccles, Sameroff, 2000). She showed cooperation with others when she was getting ridiculed for her coming out, but she stayed humbled and didn’t let it get to her (Webb, 1994).

How Women Are Poortryed In Homers Odyssey Essay -- essays research pap

Women Portrayed in Homer’s The Odyssey Women were very important to the Greeks, and they showed this value in many ways. In The Odyssey Homer shows us the different ways women were looked upon through female characters, such as Penelope, Naussica, and Anticlia. With Penelope, a faithful and loving wife to Odysseus, Homer reveals to us how the Greeks believed wives should act. She was loyal to Odysseus the entire time he was away on his journey, and even when it appeared as if he had passed on she still had faith that he would return. She resisted the suitors on the sole basis that she loved Odysseus and could not see herself with another man when he could still be alive. She was smart, and cunning. She shows us this in Book II when we learn she has avoided having to choose a husband by telling the suitors she would choose one of them once she finished the garment she was weaving. She would work all day, and remove the stitches by candlelight while the suitors slept. Odysseus was "blessed in the possession of a wife endowed with such rare excellence of understanding, and so faithful to her wedded lord" (p.256). Penelope was the picture of a perfect, devoted Greek wife. Homer also portrayed the loyal daughter type using Naussica, the young princess of Scheria and daughter of King Alcinous. Like most daughters from the Greek civilization, she thought the world of her parents, and they thought the world of her as well. We see that she thinks highly of her father be...

Ends, Ways and Means of Us Policy Towards North Korea Essay

â€Å"Ends are defined as the strategic outcomes or the end states desired. Ways are defined as the methods, tactics and procedures, practices, and strategies to achieve the ends. Means are defined as the resources required to achieve the ends, such as troops, weapons systems, money, political will and time. † MG Dennis J. Laich, USAR, Retired President Obama stated in the 2010 National Security Strategy that his administration â€Å"has no greater responsibility than the safety and security of the American people† (Obama, 2010, 4). In order to successfully safeguard and secure America, the administration must have clear foreign policy delineating how it will deal with the various states across the globe that pose potential threats to America. One of these is North Korea. The US policy ends this essay will focus on are denuclearization and the improvement of North Korea’s human rights record. The Obama Administration inherited a difficult situation with regard to North Korea’s continued attempts to advance its nuclear weapons program. The ends of US policy regarding North Korea’s nuclear weapons program is successful denuclearization of the Korean peninsula (Obama, 2010, 23). President Obama stated in his 2010 National Security Strategy, â€Å"if they [North Korea] ignore their international obligations, we will pursue multiple means to increase their isolation and bring them into compliance† (Ibid, 24). During his first term, President Obama chose to continue the Bush Administration’s policy of direct, bilateral diplomacy in effort to reduce North Korea’s nuclear threat (Klingner, 2009, 1). This effort included enforcement of existing sanctions, expansion of the Proliferation Security Initiative and demanding North Korean compliance with U. N. Security Council resolutions regarding the dissolution of Pyongyang’s nuclear program (Ibid). The US continues to use U. N. sanctions and diplomatic effort to reduce the nuclear threat North Korea presents. However, US policy does not focus solely on the denuclearization of North Korea. It also addresses other issues North Korea brings to the international stage such as human rights violations posed on the international front as well. Non-proliferation of nuclear weapons is usually considered the main focus of US policy towards North Korea; however, issues such as North Korea’s illicit activities and human rights violations are also of concern (Chanlett-Avery, 2011). The strategy of the Obama Administration is to influence North Korea to improve its human rights record through international pressure and direct support via the North Korean Human Rights Act (Ibid, 13). The North Korean Human Rights Act (NKHRA) authorizes funds to support human rights efforts in North Korea and improve the flow of information to and from the country. It also requires the President to appoint a Special Envoy on human rights in North Korea. Additionally, it allows for North Koreans to apply for asylum in the United States (Ibid, 14). As of 2011, relatively few North Korean refugees live in the US, but the program continues to â€Å"facilitate the unhindered dissemination of information in North Korea† through Korean language radio broadcasts funded through the NKHRA’s $2M annual budget (Ibid). The ways and means of US policy towards North Korea require dedication, diligence and comprehensive confrontation using a combination of all instruments of national power (Ibid, 9). Nuclear proliferation may be the main issue between the US and North Korea, but it is not the only one. The US is also engaged with North Korea in effort to improve Pyongyang’s human rights record and improve the way the North Korean government treats its populace. US policy toward North Korea has proven to be similar to dealing with an obstinate, attention seeking child and will require patience and willingness to use all instruments of power should there be no other alternative.

Analysis John Proctor Essay

In a sense, the play, ‘The Crucible’, has the structure of a classical tragedy with John Proctor being the protagonist of the play and its tragic hero. As there is a saying â€Å"To err is human†¦ † John Proctor likewise was led to his grave due to a fatal flaw he possessed. Proctor, in his first appearance in the play, is presented as a quick-witted, sharp-tongued man with a keen sense of pride and a streak of confidence. He was a symbol of justice and righteousness. His secret affair with Abigail, before Elizabeth Proctor fired her, seemed to end since John no more harbored feelings for Abigail. Abigail Give me a word, John, A soft word. Proctor No, no, Abby. That’s done with. However, upon learning the truth†¦ Abigail I have a sense for heat, John, and yours has drawn me to my window, and I have seen you looking up, burning in your loneliness. Do you tell me you’ve never looked up at my window? This suggests that what Abigail had been saying to John was the truth too that he still had kind feelings for her, and created Abigail’s jealousy of his wife, Elizabeth, which sets the entire witch hysteria in motion. His wisdom, sharpness and his independence are traits would make a suitable person to question the motives of those who cry witchcraft. However, his guilt over his affair with Abigail makes his situation much more problematic because he is very guilty in the hypocrisy he detested to see in others. Secondly, John does not seem to be favoring the authority Parris possess that he blatantly said right in front of Parris that he would join the faction which was â€Å"against him and all authority†. Once the trials begin, Proctor realizes that he can stop Abigail’s rampage through Salem but only if he confesses to his adultery. Such an admission would ruin his good name, and Proctor is, above all, a proud man who places great emphasis on his reputation. Proctor is quite a brave, honest and honorable man, confessing his sin of adultery to the court in a bid to stop the agitation present in Salem by tarnishing the now saintly name of Abigail Williams so that the townsfolk would stop listening to her false accusations. He eventually makes an attempt, through Mary Warren’s testimony, to name Abigail as a fraud without revealing the crucial information. Proctor Then her saintliness is done with. We will slide together into our pit; you will tell the court what you know. When this attempt fails, he finally bursts out with a confession, calling Abigail a â€Å"whore† and proclaiming his guilt publicly. Proctor A fire, a fire is burning! I hear the boot of Lucifer, I see his filthy face! And it is my face, and yours, Danforth! For them that quail to bring men out of ignorance, as I have quailed, and as you quail now when you know in all your black hearts that this be fraud- God damns our kind especially, and we will burn, we will burn together! †¦ Proctor You are pulling Heaven down and raising up a whore! These quotes suggest that the Proctor who used to believe in God’s word is no longer devoted to Him anymore due to the injustice and evil around him. It’s as if he has become an atheist- God is dead! Only then does he realize that it is too late, that matters have gone too far, and that not even the truth can break the powerful frenzy that he has allowed Abigail to whip up. Proctor’s confession succeeds only in leading to his arrest and conviction as a witch, and though he lambastes the court and its proceedings, he is also aware of his terrible role in allowing this fervor to grow unchecked. Proctor is also a man who thinks of others. He stands up for the other townsfolk, refusing to give the names of innocent citizens. â€Å"I have no knowledge in that line. But it’s hard to think so pious a woman is secretly a Devil’s bitch after seventy year of such good prayer. † He saved others, while preserving his own honor. (I speak my own sins; I cannot judge another. ) Offered the opportunity to make a public confession of his guilt and live, he almost succumbs, even signing a written confession. His immense pride and fear of public opinion compelled him to withhold his adultery from the court, but by the end of the play he is more concerned with his personal integrity than his public reputation. He still wants to save his name, but for personal and religious, rather than public, reasons. (I have given you my soul; leave me my name! -Proctor) Proctor’s refusal to provide a false confession is a true religious and personal stand. Such a confession would dishonor his fellow prisoners, who are brave enough to die as testimony to the truth. Perhaps more relevantly, a false admission would also dishonor him, staining not just his public reputation, but also his soul. By refusing to give up his personal integrity Proctor implicitly proclaims his conviction that such integrity will bring him to heaven. He goes to the gallows redeemed for his earlier sins. As Elizabeth says to end the play, responding to Hale’s plea that she convince Proctor to publicly confess: â€Å"He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him! † Proctor dies as a man of integrity who never sold his soul and stained his name upon confessing to what God knows and speaks of as heathen. He lived up to be a man who ought to be given the utmost respect, by his wife and by his fellow Salemites. Nearing to the end of the play, Proctor redeems himself and provides a final denunciation of the witch trials in his final act. Elizabeth who respects Proctor deeply and is proud that he doesn’t confess suggests that she too loves him dearly. Even Mr Hale was not able to instigate Proctor in confessing a false crime and succumb the false crime of witchcraft. Hale Woman, plead with him! Woman! It is pride, it is vanity. Be his helper! – What profits him to bleed? Shall the dust praise him? Shall the worms declare his truth? Go to him, take his shame away! Elizabeth He have his goodness now. God I forbid I take it from him! Abigail Williams An antagonist of the play, she beats Parris and Danforth with all the villainy she possessed. In contrast to her beautiful looks, she is characterless and baseless as bastardy has ever stooped to be that low. Being a blatant liar, she is able to twist the situation so well that even the whole of Salem was sent to its doom due to her hysteria. Her pretty looks can be as deceiving as her character. Abigail it were sport, uncle! †¦ (innocently) A dress? †¦ No one was naked! You mistake yourself, uncle! †¦ Why, I am sure it is, sir. There be no blush about my name. These blatant lies came about one after another suggest that Abigail is not only lying but also disrespectful to those who take care of her by making them believe to whatever she says. In this manner, Parris was half convinced and had the courage to run the trials and commence a witch-hunt upon Abigail’s words. Abigail has a large role in the play as the villain of the play, instigating the downfall of many innocent townsfolk. While working in the Proctor’s house as a servant, she had an affair with John Proctor, which led to her being dismissed by the latter’s wife, Elizabeth Proctor. This suggests that she was not only ungrateful, but also in a way trying to seduce Proctor lest he bend toward Elizabeth. This leads to Abigail directing hate towards her and targeting her later in the play. Betty You drank blood, Abby! You didn’t tell him that!†¦.. You did, you did! You drank a charm to kill John Proctor’s wife! You drank a charm to kill Goody Proctor! Throughout the hysteria, Abigail’s motivations never seem more complex than simple jealousy and a desire to have revenge on Elizabeth Proctor. The language of the play is almost Biblical, and Abigail seems like a Biblical character-a Jezebel figure, driven only by sexual desire and a lust for power. Nevertheless, it is worth pointing out a few background details that, though they don’t mitigate Abigail’s guilt, make her actions more understandable. Abigail was a symbol of defiance. Although she knew that Salem was an entirely religion-based community, she chose to rebel against the somewhat restrictive customs and sinned again and again. From giving in to lust and sexual desires, to adultery and finally to lying and murder in a sense, her deeds went against the very code of religion. A mere accusation from one of Abigail’s troop is enough to incarcerate and convict even the most well-respected inhabitant of Salem. Whereas others once reproached her for her adultery, she now has the opportunity to accuse them of the worst sin of all: devil-worship. Abigail was also manipulative as she was able to take advantage of her friends, Reverend Parris and the judges to make them believe her so that she was able to attain freedom and have Proctor to herself after getting rid of Elizabeth. She only did this for her personal vengeance and benefit. Abigail could be even merciless if she had the choice, by sending nineteen innocent people to the gallows for crimes they did not commit. She was a shrewd mastermind who was opportunative, for her benefits. Although, she is strong and determined, this does not make her a good person. She used her intelligence in a shrewd yet cruel manner. She was thoughtless of the lives that were taken away, all due to her. She was the root of all evil. Having Proctor was her only ambition. And when she learns that Proctor, too, is dead when he was sent to the gallows, her utmost motive in recovering Proctor, her love, was gone. Her will to struggle was no longer present. So, she too left and never looked to turn back to Salem. Reverend Samuel Parris Basically, Reverend Samuel Parris is a paranoid, power-hungry, yet oddly self-pitying figure. Parris presents himself as a father who cares and worries for his daughter, Betty, who had been supposedly witched. Trying to hide the fact, he does not believe it. Parris No-no. There be no unnatural cause here. Tell him I have sent for Reverend Hale of Beverly and Mr Hale will surely confirm that. Let him look to medicine and put out all thought of unnatural causes here. There be none. Upon deeper analysis, Parris does not actually care for Betty and her friends but is ardent in saving his reputation. Parris Now look you, child, your punishment will come in its time. But if you trafficked with spirits in the forest I must know it now, for surely my enemies will, and they will ruin me with it. Parris is so blinded by lies that he would not be abele to distinguish between truth or lie. He is so gullible by allowing himself to be convinced by Abigail’s words that he was reluctant in listening to the townsfolk and get their opinion. Although he questioned Abigail repeatedly, he never had the idea (till the end) that Abigail could be using him for her personal benefits. But this didn’t mind Parris as he was just a coward because he guessed that the faction would grab this opportunity and ruin him with it. By blaming that all abominations began here, in the Minister’s house. And that would be the base of witchcraft and Lucifer’s den. Parris is full of greed. This can be proved due to the fact that although he earned sixty-six pounds (which was a lot at that time), he was not happy with it and wanted more. In addition, he could not bear the uprising faction which was against him and his authority. Parris is dogmatic in his opinions, intolerant of opposition, and suspicious of those whom he does not like. Parris has grown a grudge against Proctor after learning that Proctor was not hesitant in joining the faction that was against Parris and his authority. (Why, then I must find it and join it!) His belief in witches and his desire to punish his enemies set in motion the chain of events that leads to the hysteria in Salem. In my opinion, he is an incapable minister who is not able to take things in his stride but who listens to others. This suggests that he is more of a follower than a leader, although he has the full right to make his own decisions. Proctor You cannot command Mr Parris. We vote by name in this society, not by acreage. / During the witch trials, he pressures Danforth, the chief judge, to punish those who, in his opinion, are possessed or in league with the Devil.

Garrett Morgon essays

Garrett Morgon essays Garrett Morgon was born on March 4,1877 in Clayville, Kentucky. Garrett was the second child in the Morgon family. Garrett got his name by his matermal Garretts mother was named Eliza Reed. She was the doughor of the Reverend Garrett Reed. He was the ministor of the church where Garrett was babtized. Garrett attended Branch Elementary School in clayville. He only attended school for the first three months, he worked in the fields for the other nine months. Garrett would burn inside when he thought of having to go back to the fields to work. When he was fifthteen, he asked his parents if he could leave to go on his So Garrett left his home in Clayville and left for Cincinnati, Ohio where he worked as a handyman for a while for a white land owner. He saw no future in this, so he moved to Cleveland, Ohio where he only arrived with only a dime. Soon after he invented the safety mask ( The Safety Hood), he came up with a new device. One day he saw an accident with a carriage growing numbers in automobiles on the streets he said Why not have electrical light signals at intersections with different colored lights as signals for stopping or The first born traffic light signal system (which is now used allover the world), was first used on November 1923 (U.S. Patent number 1,475,024). The traffic signals where bought from Garrett to GE (General Electric) corporation for the sum of $40,000. Before his death, Garretts traffic signal was cited by the U.S. goverment for inventing the first traffic signal. After two years of illness, on July 27, 1963 Garrett died at the age of eighty-six. Garrett life was a long, happy, and extremely useful one. The world is safer because of his long work! ...

Understanding PTSD Flashbacks

Understanding PTSD Flashbacks A flashback is an intrusive, unintentional, vivid memory of a traumatic event. Flashbacks are one symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Defining PTSD Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs in the aftermath of a traumatic event, including military conflict,  assault, interpersonal violence, a car accident, or a natural disaster.  PTSD can also occur among first responders,  as well as  people whose loved one experienced a traumatic event. To be diagnosed with PTSD, an individual must experience symptoms in the following four categories  for at least a month after the trauma: Re-experiencing the event. People suffering from  PTSD often re-experience the event in unwanted, unintentional ways, including flashbacks and nightmares.  Avoidance of the event. Someone who is experiencing PTSD will often  try to avoid reminders of the event.Negative thoughts or emotions. The person may experience negative emotions (or a lack of positive emotions), feel self-blame, or lose interest in activities they previously enjoyed.Hypervigilance.  PTSD patients typically feel as thought they are constantly on â€Å"high alert.† They may have trouble sleeping, be irritable, or become easily startled, for example. While many people may develop some of these symptoms immediately after a traumatic event, not everyone who experiences a trauma develops PTSD. What a PTSD Flashback Feels Like Flashbacks can  be incredibly  vivid  and involve  re-experiencing the sights, sounds, and smells that were present during the traumatic event. Some people become flooded with the emotions that they felt at the time of the trauma.  Flashbacks can be so overwhelming and immersive that the person experiencing the flashback may temporarily feel that they have physically returned to the moment of the traumatic event. In some cases, a person experiencing a flashback may behave as though they were back in the traumatic event. Flashbacks can occur as a result of a  trigger- that is, when they notice something in the environment that reminds them of  the traumatic event. However, people can also experience a flashback without being aware of a particular trigger that caused it. Flashbacks vs. Memories Flashbacks occur when individuals involuntarily re-experience a memory of a  traumatic event. Importantly, the psychological definition of a flashback  differs from the common colloquial use of the term. A flashback is  not  simply a â€Å"bad memory. Rather, it is an experience in which an individual actually feels as if they  are re-living parts of the traumatic event. Flashbacks in PTSD are different from intentional memories because they occur without the person trying to do anything to bring back the memory. In fact, psychologist Matthew Whalley and his colleagues have found that patterns of brain activation are different when people are exposed to words that they associate with flashbacks, compared to words that they associate with non-flashback memories. Studies on PTSD Flashbacks   Psychologists have investigated whether it is possible to prevent the development of flashbacks after a traumatic event. Researcher Emily Holmes and her colleagues have suggested that, since flashbacks are often powerful visual images, it may be possible to reduce the severity by distracting the visual system. To test this idea out, Holmes and her colleagues conducted an experiment in which participants watched a potentially traumatizing video.  Afterwards, some participants played Tetris, and others did not. The researchers found that participants who played Tetris only had about half as many flashbacks as the participants who didn’t. In other words, it appears that a neutral activity such as Tetris kept the visual systems in the participants brains occupied, making flashback images less likely to occur. In another paper  by Dr. Holmes’  team, researchers asked emergency room patients who had experienced a traumatic event to participate in a similar study. Some participants played Tetris while others did not, and the researchers found that participants who played Tetris had fewer intrusive memories of their traumatic event over the next week. More broadly, researchers have found that psychotherapy and medication can reduce the severity of PTSD symptoms, including flashbacks. One type of therapy,  Prolonged Exposure,  involves discussing the traumatic event in a safe, therapeutic setting. Another therapeutic technique,  Cognitive Processing Therapy, involves working with a therapist to change ones beliefs about the traumatic event. Researchers have found that both types of therapy are able to lessen the severity of PTSD symptoms. PTSD Flashbacks Key Takeaways Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental health condition that can occur in the aftermath of a traumatic event.Flashbacks are a PTSD symptom that involve re-experiencing memories of the traumatic event.PTSD flashbacks can be extremely  vivid and may make  individuals feel as though they are re-living the traumatic event.  Several treatments are currently available for PTSD, and new research is investigating whether PTSD flashbacks can be prevented. Sources Brewin, Chris R. â€Å"Re-experiencing Traumatic Events in PTSD: New Avenues in Research on Intrusive Memories and Flashbacks.†Ã‚  European Journal of Psychotraumatology  6.1 (2015): 27180. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3402/ejpt.v6.27180Friedman, Matthew J. â€Å"PTSD History and Overview.† U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs: National Center for PTSD (2016, Feb. 23). https://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/PTSD-overview/ptsd-overview.aspHammond, Claudia. â€Å"PTSD: Do Most People Get It After Terrifying Incidents?† BBC Future (2014, Dec. 1). bbc.com/future/story/20141201-the-myths-about-ptsdHolmes, Emily A., James, E.L., Coode-Bate, T., Deeprose, C. â€Å"Can Playing the Computer Game ‘Tetris’ Reduce the Build-up of Flashbacks for Trauma? A Proposal from Cognitive Science.†Ã‚  PloS One  4.1 (2009): e4153. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id10.1371/journal.pone.0004153Iyadurai, Lalitha, et al. Preventing Intrusive Memorie s After Trauma Via a Brief Intervention Involving Tetris Computer Game Play in the Emergency Department: A Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Trial. Molecular Psychiatry 23  (2018): 674-682. https://www.nature.com/articles/mp201723 Norman, Sonya, Hamblen, J., Schnurr, P.P., Eftekhari, A. â€Å"Overview of Psychotherapy for PTSD.† U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs: National Center for PTSD (2018, Mar. 2). https://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/treatment/overview/overview-treatment-research.aspâ€Å"PTSD and DSM-5.† U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs: National Center for PTSD (2018, Feb. 22). https://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/PTSD-overview/dsm5_criteria_ptsd.aspWhalley, M. G., Kroes, M. C., Huntley, Z., Rugg, M. D., Davis, S. W., Brewin, C. R. (2013). An fMRI Investigation of Posttraumatic Flashbacks.  Brain and Cognition,  81(1), 151-159. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3549493/â€Å"What Is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder?† American Psychiatric Association (2017, Jan.). https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/ptsd/what-is-ptsd

Psalms Description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Psalms Description - Essay Example Chapter 9 begins by saying a man will have many years added to his life who fears the Lord.   Proverbs four through seven teach about lessons or warnings against adultery, and lust. Chapter one begins with instruction not to follow the evil path. The Word says in verse twenty-three that we should guard our hearts because it is the wellspring of life. Then Chapter one continues the discussion about the lust of the eyes. Proverbs 1:24-27 says"Put away perversity from your mouth; keep corrupt talk far from your lips. Let your eyes look straight ahead, fix your gaze directly before you. Make level paths for your feet and take only ways that are firm. Do not swerve to the right or the left; keep your foot from evil." Chapter five again has a warning against adultery. Proverbs 5:3-5, discusses adultery in the following words. "For the lips of an adulteress drip honey, and her speech is smoother than oil; but in the end, she is bitter as gall, sharp as a double-edged sword. Her feet go down to death; her steps lead straight to the grave." Proverbs in chapter six tell us to flee like a gazelle from the hand of the hunter. Proverbs in chapter fourteen through sixteen teaches us about wrath and anger. The fear of the Lord is mentioned throughout these three chapters. ... The Proverbs speak many times about the dangers of pride. If you boil all sin down the root of sin is pride. The fall of man can even be traced back to pride. The Word says "Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall." Proverbs 16:5 goes even further and says, "The Lord detests all the proud of heart." Furthermore, the Lord says humility comes before honor, and He will show grace to the humble. The Word speaks about gossip and how distractive this can be a friendship. This essay will discuss friendship and faithfulness related to Proverbs in chapter twenty-seven through thirty-one. Proverbs 27:6 tells us," Wounds from a friend can be trusted, but an enemy multiplies kisses." This proverb tells us that a true friend will speak the truth in love. Proverbs 31 describes a wife of noble character and reveals faithfulness in love and marriage in the following words, "A wife of noble character who can find She is worth far more than rubies. Her husband has full confidence in her and lacks nothing of value. She brings him good, not harm, all the days of her life." Proverbs 31:10-12. The Walvoord commentary gave a detailed exposition concerning the date and authorship of the Book. The introduction part of the commentary explained in detail the historical background and the literary style of Proverbs. The author of the commentary also pointed out that Solomon had written 3,000 proverbs as stated in 1 Kings. The exposition commentary went into detail about the themes of the Book of Proverbs.